Aroma Candles: Toxic Fumes Or Safe Scents?

Aromatherapy candles are a popular way to relax and unwind, but are they safe? Candles, particularly those made from paraffin wax, have been linked to harmful pollution in the home. They can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter, which can cause respiratory issues and, in large doses, lead to more serious health problems. However, some claim that candles do not contain enough of these toxins to be a significant health risk. So, are aroma candles toxic, or can they be enjoyed safely?

Paraffin wax candles may release harmful chemicals

Paraffin wax is a byproduct of the petroleum refining process. It is the primary ingredient in most candles, and when burned, it releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, including substances like toluene and benzene, which are known to be harmful.

Inhaling even small amounts of VOCs from paraffin wax may result in headaches and respiratory issues. However, repeated exposure could lead to more severe health issues. If you must use candles, it is recommended to opt for cleaner sources, such as soy or beeswax.

A 2009 study by the Department of Biological and Physical Sciences at South Carolina State University found that paraffin-based candles are a leading cause of indoor air pollution and are more likely to produce soot. Burning these candles in an unventilated space can lead to respiratory and skin irritation, with a variety of harmful chemicals being released into the air.

Some common chemicals often present in paraffin wax include trichlorofluoromethane and carbon tetrachloride. Additionally, paraffin candles are derived from non-renewable resources, making them harmful to the environment.

While the use of lead in candle wicks has been significantly reduced, some candles, especially older ones or those that do not comply with safety standards, may still contain toxic metals. Therefore, it is recommended to choose candles with wicks made from pure cotton or wood to reduce the risk of polluting your air with harmful chemicals.

Soy candles are a safer alternative

While candles are a popular way to create a cosy atmosphere and infuse our living spaces with pleasant aromas, they may also introduce harmful chemicals into the air we breathe. Most modern candles are made from paraffin wax, which is derived from petroleum. When burned, paraffin wax releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter into the air, including substances like toluene and benzene, which are known to be harmful.

As an alternative, soy candles have gained popularity as a safer and more environmentally friendly option. Here are several reasons why soy candles are a safer choice:

Reduced Toxins and Indoor Air Pollutants

Soy wax candles emit significantly less soot and harmful chemicals like toluene and benzene. This reduction in indoor air pollutants makes soy wax candles a healthier choice, especially for individuals with allergies, asthma, or sensitivities to air quality.

Cleaner Burn and Less Soot

Soy candles produce less soot and toxic chemicals than paraffin candles. The smoke from soy candles is cleaner, but it is still recommended to minimise your intake of any type of smoke by ensuring proper ventilation when burning candles.

Biodegradable and Easier to Clean

Soy wax is a natural, biodegradable material. If there is a spill, soy wax is easier to clean up compared to paraffin wax. Soap and water are typically sufficient to clean soy wax spills, making it more user-friendly.

Lower Melting Point and Reduced Burn Risks

Soy wax has a lower melting point than other types of wax. This means it is less likely to cause skin burns if accidentally spilled. Additionally, its lower melting point makes it a safer option around children and pets, as it reduces the risk of fire hazards.

Renewable and Sustainable Resource

Soy is a renewable and sustainable resource, derived from soybeans. By choosing soy candles, you are supporting the use of natural, biodegradable materials and reducing the environmental impact associated with non-renewable resources like paraffin wax.

Longer Burn Time and Cost-Effective

Soy wax burns at a lower temperature, resulting in a slower and more even burn. This prolongs the longevity of the candle and ensures a more consistent release of fragrance. Soy candles are therefore more cost-effective in the long run, as they last longer and require fewer replacements.

In summary, soy candles offer a safer, cleaner, and more sustainable option for those seeking the ambiance and comfort of candles without the potential health and environmental risks associated with paraffin wax. While soy candles are a better alternative, it is still important to ensure proper ventilation and follow safety precautions when burning any type of candle.

Beeswax candles are a natural, renewable option

There is some debate about whether burning candles is harmful to your health. While some claim that candles release potentially harmful toxins, others argue that candles do not contain enough toxins to pose a significant threat.

Beeswax candles offer a cleaner and more long-lasting burn compared to conventional candles. They burn with a bright, steady flame and are less prone to dripping or smoking. Additionally, beeswax has a high melting point, making it suitable for warmer temperatures without bending or warping.

Another advantage of beeswax candles is their ability to emit negative ions when burned, which can help purify the air by neutralizing pollutants such as dust, pollen, and other airborne particles. This makes them a healthier option for indoor air quality, especially for individuals with allergies or respiratory sensitivities.

Beeswax candles are also hypoallergenic and safe for individuals with allergies or other sensitivities. They are crafted from pure beeswax, with no fillers or additives, ensuring a clean-burning experience.

In summary, beeswax candles are a natural, renewable option that provides a clean and long-lasting burn, improves indoor air quality, and supports sustainable beekeeping practices. They are a beautiful and eco-friendly addition to any conscious consumer's lifestyle.

Candle wicks may contain lead and other toxic metals

Candle Wicks and the Risk of Lead Poisoning

Candle wicks with metal cores have been found to contain lead, which can be released into the air when the candle is burned. Lead is a toxic substance that can cause serious health issues, including organ damage and behavioural changes. While the use of lead in candle wicks has been significantly reduced in recent years, it is still important to be cautious when lighting old candles or those imported from other countries.

The Health Risks of Lead Poisoning

Lead is a highly toxic substance that can have serious and long-lasting effects on human health. When lead-cored candles are burned, the lead in the wick can vaporize and be released into the air as airborne lead. This airborne lead can be inhaled, and it can also settle on surfaces, where it can be ingested, particularly by children who often put their hands in their mouths. Lead poisoning can cause a range of health problems, including:

• Neurological damage
• Delayed mental and physical development
• Attention and learning deficiencies
• Hearing problems
• Behavioural changes
• Organ damage, particularly to the kidneys

The History of Lead in Candle Wicks

The use of lead in candle wicks is not a new issue. Concerns about the potential health risks of lead-cored wicks have been raised for decades. In 1974, the National Candle Association members voluntarily agreed to stop using lead wicks, and most domestic candle manufacturers took lead out of their wicks in the 1970s. However, lead-cored wicks reappeared on the market in subsequent years, and concerns continued to grow.

The US Ban on Lead-Cored Candle Wicks

In 2003, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) voted to ban the sale, manufacture, and import of candles with lead wicks. This ban was implemented due to the health risks associated with lead exposure, particularly for children. The CPSC found that lead-cored candle wicks release unacceptable levels of lead into the air and that the use of lead in candle wicks presents a risk of lead poisoning to consumers.

Reducing the Risk of Lead Exposure

To reduce the risk of lead exposure from candle wicks, it is important to take the following precautions:

• Choose candles with wicks made from pure cotton or wood, rather than metal.
• Test old candles for lead wicks by rubbing the tip of the wick on a piece of paper. If it leaves a grey mark like a pencil, it contains lead.
• Dispose of any candles that you suspect contain lead wicks.
• Ventilate your space when burning candles to reduce the risk of inhaling any lead particles.

Scented candles can cause allergic reactions

The fragrance in scented candles can trigger allergy-like symptoms, especially in people who are sensitive to chemicals. Symptoms can include congestion, a runny nose, headaches, sinus pressure, and irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. These symptoms may be caused by an actual allergic reaction, where the immune system overreacts, or the scent may simply irritate the airways directly. It is challenging to determine the exact cause as it requires identifying the specific scent that triggers the reaction.

To minimize the risk of allergic reactions, it is recommended to opt for candles made from essential oils rather than synthetic chemicals. Essential oils are naturally derived from plants and are less likely to cause reactions. Additionally, choose candles with wicks made from pure cotton or wood, as some metal-cored wicks may still contain toxic metals. Beeswax and soy candles are also considered safer options as they produce less soot and toxic chemicals.

If you are prone to allergies, it is advisable to burn candles in a well-ventilated area and for shorter periods. Always follow the recommended burning duration on the candle label, usually around three hours. Trimming the wick before each use is also important to minimize smoke and soot production.

Frequently asked questions