Harmful Chemicals In Perfumes And Colognes: What's The Smell?

Perfumes and colognes are a combination of chemicals that give each scent its distinct smell. While some fragrances are derived from natural sources, such as flowers, herbs, and resins, many also contain synthetic chemicals. These chemicals are often undisclosed, as companies are not legally required to list their ingredients, and can be harmful to health. Some common chemicals found in perfumes and colognes include aldehydes, musk, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, camphor, limonene, and phthalates. These chemicals have been linked to various health issues, including allergies, respiratory problems, endocrine disruption, and even cancer. With growing awareness of the potential dangers of these products, sales of extravagant fragrances have dropped in recent years.

Synthetic chemicals derived from petroleum

The use of synthetic chemicals in perfumes and colognes offers some advantages to manufacturers and consumers. Synthetic fragrances are often cheaper to produce than natural scents, and they can be formulated to be long-lasting, with chemicals that do not break down easily, ensuring the fragrance remains on the skin and clothing. Additionally, synthetic chemicals can mimic natural scents or create entirely new fragrances that cannot be derived from natural sources, providing perfumers with a broader palette of scent options.

However, the potential health risks associated with exposure to synthetic chemicals in perfumes and colognes have led to a growing consumer preference for natural fragrances. This shift in consumer demand has prompted some fragrance companies to increase their focus on natural ingredients, transparency in ingredient disclosure, and sustainable sourcing practices.

While the fragrance industry may be moving towards more natural and sustainable practices, it is unlikely to completely abandon synthetic chemicals, especially those derived from petroleum. Jeremy Compton, head of science and technology for fragrance at Givaudan, acknowledges that many molecules will continue to come from petroleum due to cost and availability considerations.

To address the potential health and environmental concerns associated with synthetic chemicals, regulatory bodies like the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) and government organizations like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) play a crucial role in assessing the safety of fragrance ingredients and setting standards for the industry.

Phthalates

• Several studies have found clear links between phthalates and reproductive and genital defects, including disrupted hormones, lower sperm count, and infertility.
• According to Harvard studies, exposure to phthalates may increase the risk of gestational diabetes and miscarriage in pregnant women.
• In infants and children, phthalates can cause allergies, premature puberty, male genital deformities, asthma, eczema, lowered IQ, and ADHD. Certain phthalate compounds may also cause several neuro-disorders in children.
• A 2008 Harvard-led research found certain phthalates linked to sperm DNA damage among men.
• The US Consumer Product Safety Commission reported in 2014 that phthalates can induce adverse effects on the liver, kidneys, thyroid, and immune system.
• The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) listed some phthalates, including DEHP, as probable carcinogens.

To limit the risks associated with phthalates in perfumes, consumers can choose natural perfumes that do not contain synthetic chemicals. It is also recommended to avoid perfumes in plastic containers and to rub perfumes into clothes or palms gently before inhaling, rather than inhaling perfume oils directly.

Aldehydes

Despite the potential health concerns, aldehydes continue to play a significant role in the fragrance industry, with perfumers utilizing their unique aromatic properties to create captivating scents.

Parabens

The European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Products has stated that parabens can disrupt the endocrine system and cause reproductive and developmental disorders. The FDA has also acknowledged studies linking parabens to breast cancer, skin cancer, and decreased sperm count.

To avoid exposure to parabens, look for products labelled as "paraben-free". Also, note that ingredients containing the suffix "-paraben" are likely to contain parabens. It is important to be cautious, especially for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers, babies, and pubescent teens, as these chemicals can accumulate in the body over time.

Musk

The musk deer is now a protected species, so animal musk has been replaced by vegan-friendly synthetic and natural alternatives in modern perfume craftsmanship. Synthetic musks are designed to replicate the appeal of the original substance without using material from animals. Synthetic musks are now one of the most commonly used replacements for historic deer musk in perfumery.

Natural musk alternatives include:

• Essential oils from angelica archangelica (commonly known as garden angelica, or wild celery)
• Abelmoschus moschatus (or the musk mallow plant)
• Mimulus moschatus (the musk flower)
• Olearia argophylla (a shrub with silvery branchlets and small, yellow flowers)
• Ambrette seeds (which come from hibiscus)

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