
Incense is referenced throughout the Bible, from the Old Testament to the New Testament's Gospel of Luke, and is used in Christian worship. The burning of incense is a divine command, with God giving Moses and Aaron detailed instructions for the times, places, and methods of burning incense. It is a symbol of prayer, with the fragrant fumes representing the prayers of godly people.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Ingredients | A mixture of gums or spices, including stacte, onycha, galbanum and pure frankincense |
| Preparation | The four ingredients were "beaten small" (Exodus 30:34-36). Incense that was not prepared in this way was called "strange incense" (Exodus 30:9) |
| Use | Offered along with every meat offering and burnt daily on the golden altar in the holy place (Exodus 30:7-8). It was also burnt by the high priest in the holy of holies on the great day of atonement (Exodus 30:8, 30:18). |
| Symbolism | Symbol of prayer (Psalms 141:1-2, Revelation 5:8, 8:3-4, 6:8) |
| Worship | The burning of incense is a divine command and a holy act of worship (Exodus 30). It was offered in the Tabernacle and Temple (1/3 Kings 9:25) and is an integral part of Orthodox Christian worship. |
| Consequences of misuse | There were severe consequences for improper worship involving incense, as seen in the deaths of two of Aaron's sons, Nadab and Abihu (Leviticus 10:1-2) |
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What You'll Learn

Incense is symbolic of prayer
The use of incense in the Bible is symbolic of prayer. Incense, a fragrant composition, is offered as a holy act of worship to God. In the Bible, God gave Moses and Aaron detailed instructions for the times, places, and methods of burning incense. The Bible also mentions specific ingredients for making incense, and any incense not made of these ingredients was called "strange incense" and was forbidden to be offered.
The use of incense in the Bible is also connected to the idea of intercession, where the fragrant fumes represent the prayers of godly people in a covenant relationship with God. This is further supported by the fact that in the Bible, the offering of incense is often accompanied by prayers, as seen in Luke 1:9-10, where the multitude prays while Zacharias offers incense.
The symbolic connection between incense and prayer is also evident in the book of Revelation, where the incense in the heavenly temple is identified with "the prayers of the saints." This symbolism is further reinforced by the fact that the offering of incense has been a part of the religious ceremonies of many ancient nations, including the Israelites, and it represents the intercession of Christ.
Therefore, incense in the Bible is symbolic of prayer, representing the act of worship, the intercession of Christ, and the relationship between God and His people.
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Incense is used in worship
The burning of incense is symbolic of prayer. In Psalm 141:2, David writes, "Let my prayer be counted as incense before you, and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice!". Similarly, in Luke 1:9-10, the whole multitude of the people were praying outside while Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist, was burning incense inside the temple. In Revelation 5:8 and 8:3-4, incense is identified with "the prayers of the saints".
Incense is also mentioned in the New Testament, where it is depicted in the Gospel of Luke. The role of incense in the Bible is emblematic of prayer and the relationship between God and His people. The Magi also offered incense to the newborn Christ, a symbol of his divinity.
Incense continues to be an integral part of Orthodox Christian worship today, where it is used to represent the prayers of the saints, both martyrs in heaven and those living on earth.
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$9.9

Incense is burned in specific ways
The burning of incense is common in the religious ceremonies of many ancient nations, including the Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Phoenicians, as well as Indians, Chinese, Greeks, and Israelites. In the Bible, incense is burned in specific ways and is often associated with prayer.
In the Old Testament, incense is burned in the presence of God. According to Exodus 30, the LORD tells Moses about the composition of incense, which consists of four key ingredients: stacte, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense. Any incense that was not made of these ingredients was forbidden and referred to as "strange incense" (Exodus 30:9). The burning of incense was mandatory and was to be carried out by a High Priest in the "Holy Place of Tabernacle" (Exodus 30:7-8). When the priest entered the holy place with the incense, all the people were removed from the temple, and a profound silence was observed among the congregation who were praying outside (Exodus 30:7-8, Luke 1:10).
Incense is also mentioned in the New Testament. In Luke 1:9-10, when Zacharias was executing his office as a priest, he entered the temple to burn incense while the multitude of people were praying outside. In Revelation 5:8 and 8:3-4, the incense in the heavenly temple is identified with "the prayers of the saints." This symbolism of incense as a representation of prayers is further supported by Psalm 141:2, which reads, "Let my prayer be set forth as incense before you."
Today, the burning of incense is still practiced in various Christian denominations, particularly in Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. However, the use of incense is a matter of conviction rather than compulsion, and Christians are free to choose whether to burn incense or not.
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Incense is made from four ingredients
The use of incense is mentioned several times in the Bible, from the Old Testament to the Gospel of Luke and Saint John's Revelation. Incense was burned as a holy act of worship, and it is described as symbolic of prayer. According to the King James Bible Dictionary, the incense mentioned in the Bible was made from four ingredients: stacte, onycha, galbanum, and pure frankincense. These ingredients were "beaten small" (Exodus 30:34-36) and then burned as a fragrant offering. Any incense that was not prepared in this way was called "strange incense" (Exodus 30:9).
The burning of incense was a divine command, and God gave Moses and Aaron detailed instructions for its use. Incense was to be burned perpetually before the Lord (Exodus 30) and was offered in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple (1/3 Kings 9:25). The times of offering incense were specified in the instructions first given to Moses (Exodus 30:7-8). When the priest entered the holy place with the incense, all the people were removed from the temple, and a profound silence was observed among the congregation who were praying outside (Luke 1:10).
The offering of incense has been a part of the religious ceremonies of many ancient nations, including the Egyptians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Phoenicians. In the Bible, incense is often associated with the prayers of the saints or godly people (Psalm 141:2, Revelation 5:8, 8:3-4). It is seen as a symbol of the intercession of Christ and the relationship between God and His people. The smoke of the burning incense rising up to God is mentioned in Luke 1:10-16, where an angel announces to Zechariah that he and Elizabeth will have a son, John the Baptist.
The use of incense in the Bible is also associated with divine prophecy. Isaiah prophesied that incense would be received by God from all the nations of the earth in worship of the Lord in his true Temple (Isaiah 60:6-7, Malachi 1:11). This true Temple is understood to be the Body of Christ, or the Church. Additionally, the Magi offered incense to the newborn Christ, symbolising his divinity (Matthew 2:11).
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Incense is used in Orthodox Christian worship
The use of incense in Orthodox Christian worship is steeped in rich symbolism and history. It is more than just a fragrant offering; it is a vital part of worship that engages the senses and enhances the faithful's connection to the divine. The practice of burning incense in Christian liturgy can be traced back to the fourth century when texts and church teachings began to explicitly reference incense within a Christian context. Church fathers like St. John Chrysostom and St. Basil the Great wrote about the purpose and symbolism of incense, solidifying its place in Orthodox worship.
In Orthodox Christianity, incense is seen as a representation of the transcendental presence of God. The aromatic fumes are believed to purify the faithful, cleanse the space of any impurities, and sanctify the congregation and the air during worship. The use of incense in this tradition is not merely a holdover from ancient times but a living aspect of contemporary Orthodox spirituality that continues to resonate with believers.
The amount of incense used in Orthodox Christian worship varies depending on the liturgical calendar and specific church service. For example, more incense is burned during high feasts, while less is used during regular services. This variation accentuates the sacredness of holy days and the hierarchy within the church. The ritual of burning incense during processions and when censing icons, clergy, and the congregation is a mark of honour and respect, acknowledging the presence of the Holy.
The act of burning incense in Orthodox Christian worship is a multisensory experience that draws worshippers into deeper contemplation and union with God. The swirling smoke and its significance captivate the faithful, creating an atmosphere that speaks a silent language of the sacred. The use of incense in Orthodox Christianity is a profound act imbued with history and meaning, enriching the spiritual experience of those who partake in it.
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Frequently asked questions
Incense is a symbol of prayer and the relationship between God and His people.
Incense is made of a mixture of gums or spices and other aromatic substances. The specific type of incense is detailed in Exodus 30:34-36, and consists of four ingredients "beaten small".
The burning of incense is a divine command. God gave Moses and Aaron detailed instructions for the times, places, and methods of burning incense.
No, there is no biblical prohibition against burning incense. In the Old Testament, it was part of the ritual worship of the Lord. However, it is not a typical Christian practice.
In the Gospel of Luke, Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, was chosen by lot to place incense on the altar in the temple while the people prayed outside. The smoke of the incense wafted up to God, and an angel announced that Zechariah and his wife Elizabeth would have a son.











































