Anisha Riggs
Incense candles have been used for thousands of years for hygienic, spiritual, and health purposes. However, recent studies have found that incense smoke may contain toxic and irritant compounds, which could lead to respiratory diseases such as asthma and, in some cases, cancer. Similarly, scented candles have also been found to release harmful toxins and chemicals, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phthalates, which can cause headaches, shortness of breath, and coughing. While the use of incense and scented candles is not officially deemed a major public health risk, it is important to be aware of the potential dangers and take steps to reduce exposure and lower the risk of negative health outcomes.
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What You'll Learn
Incense smoke and health risks
Incense smoke may pose health risks. While incense is not officially deemed a major public health risk comparable to smoking tobacco, studies suggest that it can have negative health effects. Incense contains natural and unnatural ingredients that create small, inhalable particulate matter. A 2021 study confirmed that some of this particulate matter is carcinogenic and could lead to respiratory diseases such as asthma.
Burning incense has been linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer, particularly upper respiratory tract carcinomas and lung carcinomas. However, it is important to note that the studies showing this link only found an association between incense use and cancer, and cannot prove that incense caused these cancers.
To reduce the potential health risks of incense smoke, it is recommended to limit incense use and exposure to the smoke. Opening windows during or after use can help reduce exposure. Alternatively, there are incense alternatives that can improve the scent of indoor spaces without the same health risks, such as smudging with sage, oil diffusers, candles without lead-core wicks, and natural home deodorizers.
Regarding candles, there is some debate about whether burning them is harmful to health. Candles release hydrocarbons, specifically toluene and benzene, into the air. Without proper ventilation, toluene exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, and cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, and anxiety. Benzene is a known carcinogen. However, the amount of these chemicals released by candles is relatively low, and research suggests that typical candle use is safe and does not release enough toxins to be a significant health threat.
To minimize any potential risks from burning candles, it is recommended to choose higher-quality candles, as lower-quality candles tend to emit more particulate matter and chemicals. It is also important to burn candles in a well-ventilated space and follow candle safety guidelines to reduce the risk of fire.
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Cancer and incense: correlation or causation?
Incense has been used for thousands of years for various purposes, including spiritual and hygienic reasons. However, recent studies have suggested that incense smoke may pose certain health risks due to the presence of natural and unnatural ingredients that create small, inhalable particulate matter.
A 2021 study confirmed that some of these particles were carcinogenic, meaning they could cause cancer, and found an association between higher cancer risk and incense use, specifically for upper respiratory tract and lung carcinomas. Other studies have also found that burning incense increases the levels of chemicals called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are known to be carcinogenic.
While these findings indicate a correlation between incense use and cancer, it is important to note that the studies do not prove causation. The specific types of incense and the amount used may also play a role in the potential health risks. For example, the largest study on incense use and cancer, which tracked 61,000 people in Singapore, concluded that incense use is safe in normal amounts and that the risk of cancer is very small, if it exists at all.
To reduce potential health risks associated with incense use, it is recommended to limit exposure to the smoke, such as by opening windows during or after use or exploring alternative methods to freshen indoor spaces, such as smudging with sage, using oil diffusers, or natural home deodorizers.
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Candle alternatives
Incense smoke may pose health risks, and studies have shown that incense can be dangerous to health. However, there are several alternatives to incense candles that are not linked to increased health risks. Here are some candle alternatives to consider:
Wax Melts
Wax melts are a great alternative to scented candles. They can be used with a light bulb or a wax warmer to release the fragrance without a flame. Flameless candles are a similar option that gives off a low light without any fragrance or heat, usually powered by batteries.
Diffusers
Oil and reed diffusers are excellent alternatives to fill your space with scent without the use of an open flame. Reed diffusers are low-maintenance and can scent a room for several weeks without any effort. Oil diffusers can also act as a humidifier during dry months.
Room Sprays
Room sprays are a quick and easy way to freshen up your space. They are a good option if you want to avoid the use of flames or smoke.
Ghee and Oil Lamps
Ghee and oil lamps, such as diyas, are commonly used in multiple religions across the Indian subcontinent. They are smoke-free and less toxic than candles or incense.
Smudging
Smudging with natural ingredients like sage is another alternative to consider.
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Candle safety guidelines
The use of incense and scented candles has been a topic of discussion for many years, with some claiming that they can be harmful to one's health, while others argue that the risk is minimal. While the debate continues, it is important to follow certain guidelines to ensure safe usage.
Firstly, it is crucial to choose your candles wisely. Opt for higher-quality candles, as studies suggest that lower-quality candles emit more particulate matter and chemicals. In addition, try to use candles made from natural ingredients, such as beeswax, soy wax, or other plant-based waxes, as these are less likely to release toxic compounds. Avoid candles with lead-core wicks, as these have been banned due to concerns over lead poisoning.
Secondly, ensure that you burn your candles responsibly. This includes burning them in a well-ventilated area to minimise the risk of inhaling harmful particles. Keep candles away from drafty areas, as drafts can cause uneven burning and increase the amount of smoke and soot released into the air.
Thirdly, be mindful of the potential risks associated with scented candles. While the research is inconclusive, some studies suggest that scented candles may release toxic compounds, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phthalates, which can cause headaches, shortness of breath, and coughing. If you are concerned about these potential risks, opt for unscented candles or natural fragrances derived from essential oils.
Lastly, always follow basic fire safety precautions when burning candles. Keep candles away from flammable objects and materials, and never leave a burning candle unattended. Ensure that you have a proper extinguishing method nearby, such as a candle snuffer or a lid, to safely put out the flame when needed.
By following these guidelines, you can minimise the potential risks associated with incense and scented candles and enjoy their benefits safely.
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The environmental impact of candles
Candles are a combustion product, so we know they contribute to air pollution. However, the medical and scientific communities disagree on whether the emissions they generate can significantly impact our health. Candles release hydrocarbons, chemical compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbon, into the air. Specifically, they emit trace amounts of toluene and benzene. Toluene is commonly found in paint thinners and adhesives, and exposure to it without proper ventilation can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, as well as cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, and anxiety. Benzene is a gas emitted by forest fires, volcanoes, and burning coal or oil, and is used mainly in industrial and pharmaceutical settings.
The type of wax a candle is made of has the biggest impact on the environment. Most conventional candles are made from paraffin wax, a petroleum-based material and a byproduct of the oil industry. As a result, paraffin wax is highly unsustainable and has environmentally devastating consequences, such as oil spills, habitat destruction, and climate change. In addition, burning paraffin wax releases high amounts of particulate pollution, leading to air pollution and contributing to our greenhouse gas problem.
Some alternative types of wax are soy, beeswax, coconut wax, and other vegetable waxes. Soy wax is renewable, biodegradable, and lasts longer than paraffin wax. It is also free of petrol-carbon soot, resulting in lower soot levels and purer air quality. Beeswax candles do not produce soot when they burn, making them natural and clean. They are, however, quite expensive. Soy and coconut wax candles are also better for the environment, as they burn cleaner and are renewable resources.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes. Burning incense and scented candles releases particulate matter into the air, which can cause air quality problems and increase indoor air pollutants.
Burning incense candles may trigger respiratory issues such as asthma and allergies. Research has also found associations between incense use and an increased risk of cancer, heart disease, and brain health issues.
You can use a diffuser filled with pure, organic, essential scented oil or make your own room spray by blending essential oils with water.
It is recommended to choose incense that has been dipped in natural oils. When it comes to candles, opt for those that are 100% beeswax or vegetable-based waxes, with natural wicks made of cotton or wood.
To reduce the risks, ensure the area is well-ventilated. It is also advised to avoid burning incense or candles if pregnant women or young children are present and to only burn them for special moments.
