Anisha Riggs
The use of fragrance in makeup and skincare products is a highly debated topic. While some people enjoy the sensory experience that fragrances provide, others argue that they can cause skin irritation and allergies. Fragrances are often added to products to mask the unpleasant smell of other ingredients and to make the product more appealing to consumers. However, it is important to note that not everyone will experience sensitivity to fragrances, and the percentage of fragrance in skincare products is usually less than 1%. For those with sensitive or acne-prone skin, chronic skin conditions, or inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or rosacea, it is generally recommended to avoid fragranced products as they may further irritate the skin.
Is Fragrance in Makeup Bad?
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Percentage of fragrance in makeup | 1% |
| People who experience skin sensitivity | 7% |
| Leading cause of | Allergic reactions on the skin |
| People who should avoid fragrances | Those with inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, acne, or rosacea |
| People who should avoid fragrances | Those who experience migraines |
| People who should avoid fragrances | Those with sensitive or acne-prone skin |
| People who may use fragrances | Those who are not sensitive to fragrances |
| Synthetic fragrances | Developed in a lab |
| Natural fragrances | Originate from a natural source like lavender or lemon |
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What You'll Learn
Synthetic vs. natural fragrances
Natural fragrances are derived from essential oils, natural isolates, and plant extracts. They are generally considered to be safer and gentler on the skin than synthetic fragrances. Popular natural fragrances include coconut, almond, and lavender, which are often blended with carrier oils and other fragrances. However, natural fragrances are typically more expensive and may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Additionally, the state of natural scents can fluctuate based on human interaction and climate change, and they have a shorter shelf life compared to synthetic fragrances.
Synthetic fragrances, on the other hand, are developed in laboratories using chemical processes to isolate the desired fragrance molecule. They are typically derived from petroleum or wood pulp and are known for their longevity and stability. Synthetic fragrances are also more readily available and can be formulated to create specific scents, making them attractive to perfume makers aiming for unique fragrances. However, synthetic fragrances have a reputation for being more harmful, less effective, and worse for the environment. Many people experience negative reactions to synthetic fragrances, including lightheadedness, headaches, nausea, rashes, and eye irritation.
The preference for natural fragrances in cosmetic and fragrance products is growing, and consumers are increasingly skeptical of synthetic ingredients. However, synthetic ingredients still appear in most fragrances, often constituting up to 70% of the recipe. Some iconic fragrances, such as Chanel No. 5, contain key synthetic ingredients.
The distinction between natural and synthetic fragrances can be blurry, as some natural fragrances undergo chemical processing, and both types ultimately consist of chemicals. Additionally, synthetic fragrances often list "natural" ingredients, but these typically constitute only a small part of the overall blend. To truly identify a natural fragrance, look for the botanical name of the plant in the ingredients list. For example, ""Lavender (lavandula angustifolia) essential oil" indicates a natural fragrance, while ""natural lavender fragrance" or "lavender oil" may still contain synthetic constituents.
In conclusion, both natural and synthetic fragrances have their advantages and drawbacks. While natural fragrances are perceived as safer and more gentle on the skin, they come with a higher price tag and a shorter shelf life. Synthetic fragrances, despite their negative reputation, offer longevity, stability, and the ability to create unique scents. However, they are associated with potential health risks and are often viewed as environmentally unfriendly. Ultimately, the choice between natural and synthetic fragrances depends on individual preferences, budget, and specific fragrance needs.
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Fragrance as an irritant
While fragrance is meant to make a product smell better and enhance its marketability, it can be an irritant for some people. Fragrances are often added to products to mask the unpleasant smell of other ingredients, and to make the overall experience of using the product more pleasurable. However, for some people, fragrances can cause skin irritation and other allergic reactions.
According to Dr. Martin A. Smith, a double-board certified allergist and immunologist, fragrance is the leading cause of the surge in skin allergies and sensitive skin. He explains that fragrances commonly cause allergic reactions on the skin because they undergo a chemical change once they come into contact with it. Symptoms of these allergic reactions can include redness, tingling, burning, itching, and in more severe cases, extremely itchy, raised, weeping skin. These reactions can also lead to a compromised skin barrier. The American Academy of Dermatology reports that fragrances are considered the leading cause of allergic reactions on the skin, affecting around 1% of the general population.
People with inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, acne, or rosacea may experience a worsening of their condition when using fragranced products. Columbus-based esthetician Shona Gibson shared a list of symptoms associated with fragrance allergies, including itching, small reddish bumps, and increased skin sensitivity. She emphasizes that for those with darker skin types, this can lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or scarring, which can take months to fade.
It is important to note that not everyone will experience sensitivity to fragrances, and some people can safely include fragranced products in their beauty routines. However, for those with sensitive or acne-prone skin, chronic skin conditions such as eczema, or those who experience migraines, it is generally recommended to avoid fragranced skincare products. If you are unsure whether you are sensitive to a fragranced product, it is advisable to perform a patch test on a small area of skin, such as behind the ear or on the neck, and observe how your skin reacts.
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Allergic reactions
While not everyone will experience sensitivity to fragrances, it is one of the leading causes of allergic reactions on the skin, affecting around 1% of the general population. People with inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, acne, or rosacea may see their condition worsen with fragranced products. Symptoms associated with fragrance allergies include itching, small reddish bumps, and increased skin sensitivity. In more severe cases, the skin can become extremely itchy, raised, and blistered.
According to Martin A. Smith, MD, a double-board-certified allergist and immunologist, fragrance is the number one culprit responsible for the surge in skin allergies and sensitive skin. Dr. Smith explains that fragrances commonly cause allergic reactions on the skin because they undergo a chemical change once they come in contact with the skin. They can also cause non-eczematous contact reactions, irritation, and photosensitivity (a rash that occurs after sun exposure).
The American Academy of Dermatology reports that about 7% of the population has skin sensitivities and allergies. In these cases, dermatologists recommend fragrance-free products. However, the reality is that for many people, fragrances add to the sensory experience of using a skincare product for a more enjoyable experience.
It is important to note that the fragrance percentage in skincare products is usually less than 1%. Even products marketed as "fragrance-free" may contain some fragrance. If you have sensitive skin or are prone to allergies, it is recommended to do a patch test before using a new product. Apply the product to a small area of your skin, such as behind your ear or on your neck, and observe how your skin reacts over a few days. If your skin reacts badly, discontinue use and consult a doctor or dermatologist if necessary.
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Sensitivity and inflammatory skin conditions
It is important to note that not everyone will experience sensitivity to fragrances. However, for those with sensitive skin or inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, acne, or rosacea, beauty products with fragrances can negatively impact skin health. According to Dr. Smith, fragrances are the top cause of the skin becoming sensitized or allergic, which can lead to chronic skin allergies and sensitivity. Fragrances commonly cause allergic reactions on the skin because they undergo a chemical change upon contact with the skin.
Dr. Smith also adds that most people who react adversely to fragrances experience redness, tingling, burning, or itching, but more severe cases can cause the skin to become extremely itchy, raised, and even weepy. These reactions can also lead to a compromised skin barrier. People with sensitive skin or eczema should avoid fragranced beauty products since there is a high risk of an allergy.
In a cross-sectional study on individuals from 18 to 74 years of age, it was found that sensitive skin was associated with exposure to scented products and fragrance allergy. Another study showed that females are significantly more exposed to scented products used in daily life than males, and consequently may be more frequently sensitized to fragrance allergens than males.
If you are unsure whether you are sensitive to a product, it is recommended to do a patch test. This involves applying a tiny amount of the product to the inside of your forearm or behind your ear, as these areas are very delicate and similar to facial skin, and waiting 24 hours to see if there is any reaction. If there is no reaction, you can then try the product for one week, and if there is still no reaction, the product is likely safe to use.
It is worth noting that different fragranced products contain various concentrations of fragrances. For example, a fragranced lotion formula typically contains about 4% fragrance, deodorants have 3%, body washes have 2%, and makeup has 1%.
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Lack of transparency in labelling
The lack of transparency in labelling skincare and makeup products has led to a mistrust of fragrances by consumers. Often, "fragrance" is listed as a single ingredient without disclosing what it consists of. This makes it challenging for consumers to identify potential allergens or irritants in the product.
The term "fragrance" can encompass various isolated compounds with an aroma, such as terpenes, which can be sourced from different origins, including plants. However, without detailed labelling, consumers are left in the dark about the specific fragrance ingredients used. This lack of transparency can be particularly concerning for individuals with sensitive skin or inflammatory skin conditions, who may experience adverse reactions to certain fragrances.
In some cases, brands may utilise an FDA loophole that permits personal care companies to list ingredients simply as "fragrances" or "parfum," without providing further details. This loophole allows brands to protect their trade secrets but leaves consumers without crucial information about the products they are applying to their skin.
To address this issue, experts like Dunni Odumosu, a former cosmetic chemist for L'Oreal, advocate for increased transparency in listing fragrance ingredients on labels. This push for transparency is supported by most skincare experts, who believe that consumers have the right to know what ingredients are in their products to make informed decisions about their use.
It is worth noting that the percentage of fragrance in skincare and makeup products is usually less than 1%, and certain fragrances, such as natural fragrances, may not last as long as synthetic ones. However, even small amounts of fragrance can cause reactions in some individuals, and the lack of detailed labelling makes it challenging for consumers to identify potential triggers.
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Frequently asked questions
Fragrance is the number one culprit responsible for the surge in skin allergies and sensitive skin. It is also the leading cause of allergic reactions on the skin, affecting around 1% of the general population. However, not everyone will experience sensitivity to fragrance. If you have sensitive skin or inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, acne, or rosacea, it is better to avoid fragranced products as they can worsen your condition.
Some common symptoms of a fragrance allergy are redness, tingling, itching, burning, and small reddish bumps. In more severe cases, the skin can become extremely itchy, raised, and even weepy.
Fragrance is sometimes just listed as "fragrance" on the ingredient list, so it can be hard to know what's in it. Some other terms used to indicate the presence of fragrance are "parfum", eugenol, geraniol, citronellol, and limonene.
Natural fragrances are those that originate from natural sources such as lavender or lemon. Synthetic fragrances are developed in a lab and can be fully or semi-synthetic. Synthetic fragrances are longer-lasting than natural fragrances.
