Heidi Norton
Identifying a perfume bottle can be a tricky task, especially if it's vintage or antique. Collectors of perfume bottles are often interested in those from the 19th and 20th centuries. There are several ways to identify a perfume bottle, including examining its physical characteristics, such as the material it's made of, any markings or labels, and its shape and design. Online communities and forums, such as r/fragrance, Basenotes, and Cleopatra's Boudoir, can be helpful in identifying perfume bottles by sharing pictures and descriptions. Additionally, organisations like the International Perfume Bottle Association (IPBA) offer resources, including a virtual museum and collector's guides, to aid in the identification process. Examining the base of the bottle for any markings, such as lot numbers, patent numbers, or manufacturer details, can also provide valuable clues about its origin and age.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Material | Glass, porcelain, cut glass, pressed glass, art glass, silver, metal, enamel, plastic, or crystal |
| Manufacturing marks | Matching etched numbers on the base of the bottle and the bottom of the stopper, lot numbers, bottle shape numbers, or patent numbers |
| Manufacturer | DeVilbiss, Lalique, Czechoslovakia, Glass-Bohemian, or Moser |
| Labels | "Made in Occupied Japan", "Sample, not to be sold", "Dummy, not for sale", "Tester", or no label |
| Date | Stamped on the back of the label, or identified by the design of the bottle |
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What You'll Learn
- Check the bottle for any markings, such as lot numbers, origin stamps, or brand names
- Examine the design, including any unique features like engravings, chains, or specific stoppers
- Research the manufacturer and compare your bottle to known examples, especially for vintage bottles
- Consider the materials used, such as glass, porcelain, or metal, and their historical usage
- Look for any stickers or labels, which may indicate the purpose, such as sample or not for sale
Check the bottle for any markings, such as lot numbers, origin stamps, or brand names
When identifying a perfume bottle, it is important to check the bottle for any markings such as lot numbers, origin stamps, or brand names. This can provide valuable information about the bottle's age and authenticity. Older perfume bottles from the 1930s to 1940s often had lot numbers, bottle shape numbers, or patent numbers embossed directly into the glass base. These markings were replaced by stickers in the 1940s, which were often lost or destroyed, making it challenging to authenticate these bottles. However, some stickers from this era may still be found, bearing labels such as "sample, not to be sold" or "tester".
Additionally, you may find acid stamps or etched markings on the base of the bottle indicating the manufacturer, such as Baccarat, Lalique, Cristal Nancy, or Cristal Romesnil. These markings can enhance the value of your bottle. Older glass bottles might also have matching etched numbers on the base and the bottom of the stopper, indicating that they were ground together at the factory to ensure a perfect fit. These were commonly found on French bottles, particularly Baccarat.
The style and condition of the box or label can also provide clues about the bottle's age. Art Nouveau-style labels suggest the bottle is from the early 1900s to the 1920s, while Art Deco styles point to the mid-1920s to the 1940s. The presence of revenue stamps on imported scents indicates the bottle is from the early 20th century, a practice that began with scents imported to America. Bottles destined for the Mexican market may feature labels with a number and the initials "TDSP," indicating compliance with the Tratado sobre el Derecho Sustantivo de Patentes (Substantive Patent Law Treaty).
The presence of a zip code on the label indicates a post-1962 bottle, as zip codes were mandated by the US Postal Service in 1962. The absence of a zip code suggests the bottle is from before 1937, as zip codes were not used prior to that year. The inclusion of a short list of ingredients on the back of the box indicates a bottling date between 1998 and 2003, while bottles from 2004 onwards typically feature a lengthy and detailed ingredient list.
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Examine the design, including any unique features like engravings, chains, or specific stoppers
When examining a perfume bottle, it is important to pay close attention to the design and any unique features it may have. These details can provide valuable clues about the bottle's origin, age, and even the type of fragrance it contains. Here are some key aspects to consider:
Engravings or Etchings: Look for any intricate details or patterns engraved on the bottle, such as intricate designs, patterns, or even a simple logo. These engravings can often be found on the cap or stopper of the bottle. For example, bottles from the 17th to 19th centuries often featured brass caps with engraved designs. Additionally, some bottles may have etched numbers or markings on the base or stopper, which could indicate a precise, airtight fit between the two pieces.
Chains or Attachments: Perfume bottles, especially antique ones, may have chains or finger chatelaines attached. These chains were used to wear or carry the bottle, adding a functional and decorative element. The presence of a chain can also provide insights into the intended use and fashion trends of the time.
Unique Stoppers: Stoppers play a crucial role in perfume bottles, both aesthetically and functionally. Examine the shape, material, and design of the stopper. Is it made of glass, crystal, or a specific type of metal? Does it have any unique features, such as an unusual shape or a decorative collar? For instance, the Matson Ormolu perfume bottle features an ormolu collar and is believed to date back to the 1830s.
Distinctive Shapes and Silhouettes: The overall shape of the bottle can also offer clues about its origin and age. Art Deco and Art Nouveau styles, popular in the early 1900s, are characterised by sophisticated and elegant designs. Vintage and antique bottles from this era are highly sought after by collectors for their intricate and elaborate designs.
Labels and Markings: In addition to engravings, perfume bottles may have labels or markings that provide valuable information. Look for labels indicating the country of origin, such as "Made in Occupied Japan," which was used on bottles from 1945 to 1952. English Registry Design numbers, patent numbers, and initials like "TDSP" can also be found on some bottles and can be researched online to uncover more information.
By carefully examining these design elements and unique features, you can gather valuable insights into the history, origin, and age of a perfume bottle, transforming it from a simple container into a captivating window into the past.
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Research the manufacturer and compare your bottle to known examples, especially for vintage bottles
Researching the manufacturer and comparing your bottle to known examples is a crucial step in identifying a vintage perfume bottle. This process involves examining various features and characteristics of the bottle and cross-referencing them with known examples from the same manufacturer. Here are some detailed guidelines to assist you in this endeavour:
Manufacturer's Marks and Signatures:
Look for manufacturer's marks, signatures, or hallmarks on the bottle, typically found on the base or bottom. These marks can include initials, serial numbers, logos, or embossed symbols. For instance, Lalique perfumes feature signatures on the bases, with older bottles marked "R. Lalique" in block lettering, while bottles manufactured after 1945 are signed "Lalique France.".
Bottle Shape and Design:
Compare the shape and design of your bottle to known examples from the suspected manufacturer. Each manufacturer has distinct styles and patterns that can aid in identification. Additionally, consider the uniformity of the bottle's size and pattern, as early bottles may exhibit variations due to the absence of full-size moulds.
Type of Glass and Manufacturing Techniques:
Identify the type of glass used in the bottle. Hand-blown glass, for example, often contains small bubbles and irregularities, while hand-cut crystal is characterised by hard edges. Seam lines along the edges of the bottle suggest newer manufacturing processes. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastic-coated glass bottles, introduced in 1953, can be identified by their rubbery feeling surfaces.
Stoppers and Closures:
Examine the type of stopper or closure on your bottle. Glass tops with cork stoppers, for instance, indicate a manufacturing date between 1870 and 1920, while plastic, Lucite, and Bakelite stoppers were introduced in the 1930s.
Labels and Stickers:
Inspect the labels or stickers on the bottle. During World War II, some perfume bottles featured labels stating, "returning this bottle to the perfumer is a national duty," indicating a manufacturing date between 1940 and 1945. Bottles with labels marked "Made in Occupied Japan" were produced from September 1945 to April 1952. Enameled lettering, also known as serigraphy, started being used in the 1930s and became more common in the 1940s.
Patents and Numbers:
Look for patent numbers or English Registry Design numbers on the base of the bottle. These were frequent in the 1930s and 1940s and can be searched online. Older bottles from the 1930s to 1940s may also have lot numbers or bottle shape numbers embossed on the glass base.
Country of Origin:
Determine the country of origin of the bottle by examining any markings or labels indicating the manufacturing location. This is important, as bottles may be exported from one country and decorated or finished in another, impacting their classification.
By diligently researching the manufacturer and comparing the unique features of your bottle to known examples, you can significantly enhance your understanding and appreciation of vintage perfume bottles.
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Consider the materials used, such as glass, porcelain, or metal, and their historical usage
When identifying a perfume bottle, one of the key things to consider is the material it is made from. Glass, porcelain, and metal are some of the most common materials used for perfume bottles, and each has its own historical usage and significance.
Glass has been the most prevalent material for perfume bottles, with many antique and vintage bottles crafted from this material. Glassblowing techniques have evolved over time, influencing the style and shape of glass perfume bottles. For instance, the introduction of full-size moulds in the early 19th century resulted in uniform bottle sizes, while the advent of automatic bottle-blowing machines in the late 1800s created seamlessly moulded bottles. Glass bottles may also bear manufacturer's marks, such as etched numbers or stamped lettering, which can indicate their origin and age.
Porcelain, a type of ceramic, has also been used for perfume bottles, though it is less commonly seen. Porcelain bottles often feature intricate designs and decorations, making them stand out from their glass counterparts. Like glass, porcelain bottles can be identified by manufacturer's marks, which may include stamped or enamelled lettering.
Metal perfume bottles, while less common, have been crafted from materials like brass, stainless steel, or aluminium. Metal bottles often have distinctive features, such as engraved designs or attached chains. They may also be identified by their country of origin, such as Bohemia, where the renowned Moser firm was located. Metal bottles can be compared to similar bottles in collections or museums to ascertain their historical usage and value.
Additionally, other materials like stone, ivory/bone, and even plastic have been used for perfume bottles. Each material has its own characteristics and can provide clues about the bottle's age and rarity. For instance, plastic stoppers indicate a bottle from the 1930s or later, helping to narrow down its historical usage.
By examining the materials and their historical context, you can gain valuable insights into the origin, age, and value of a perfume bottle, contributing to a better understanding of its place in the evolution of perfume packaging.
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Look for any stickers or labels, which may indicate the purpose, such as sample or not for sale
When identifying a perfume bottle, it is important to inspect the bottle for any stickers or labels, which can provide valuable information about the purpose and history of the bottle. These labels can offer insights into whether the bottle is a sample, not intended for sale, or meant for display purposes only.
Sample bottles, particularly those from the 1950s onwards, often bore labels explicitly stating "sample, not to be sold". This indication ensured that the bottles were used for demonstration or testing purposes and were not meant to be sold commercially. Today, such bottles are more commonly marked with the word "tester" to differentiate them from the bottles intended for retail sale.
Display bottles, also known as "factice" bottles, are another category of perfume bottles that are not meant for resale. These bottles are typically marked with labels such as "dummy" or "not for sale" to indicate their purpose. Sometimes, a date stamp may also be present on the backside of the label, providing additional information about the bottle's production or display period.
In addition to the labels, older bottles from the 1930s to the 1940s often featured lot numbers, bottle shape numbers, or patent numbers embossed directly into the glass base. These embossed markings served as a form of identification and could be used to track the production batch or patent associated with the bottle. By understanding the purpose and history of the bottle, collectors and enthusiasts can make informed decisions about their perfume bottle collections.
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