Fragrance Sensitivity: Sickness, Scents, And Health

Fragrances are more than just a matter of personal preference – they can have a very real impact on health and wellbeing. While scented products have been popular for hundreds of years, the rise of mass-produced synthetic fragrances has led to a recent uptick in fragrance-related health problems. From perfumes and colognes to air fresheners and cleaning products, fragrances are now everywhere, and for some people, this is a serious cause for concern.

Fragrance sensitivity symptoms

Symptoms of fragrance sensitivity include:

• Headaches
• Migraines
• Nausea
• Dry and itchy eyes
• Dizziness
• Skin irritation and rashes
• Sneezing
• Congestion
• Coughing
• Respiratory problems
• Asthma attacks
• Hay fever
• Seizures

In rare cases, exposure to fragrances can lead to anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can be dangerous. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include difficulty swallowing and a rapid or weak pulse.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice and take steps to identify and avoid the offending fragrances.

Health problems caused by fragrance

Fragrances are known to cause health issues for many people. In a survey of 1,098 Australians, one-third reported health issues caused by scented products. The mass production of synthetic fragrances has led to an increase in fragrance-related health problems, with around 35% of people reporting issues such as migraines and respiratory problems.

Short-term Health Effects

The use of fragrances can cause a range of short-term health issues, including:

• Allergic or inflammatory responses such as itchy/watery eyes, congestion, and a runny nose.
• Respiratory issues such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
• Headaches, migraines, and head pain.
• Nausea, dizziness, and mental cloudiness.
• Skin rashes.
• Heart rate or blood pressure changes.

Long-term Health Effects

Long-term exposure to fragrances can potentially lead to more serious health issues, including:

• Difficulty breathing.
• Changes in cardiac function, specifically the heart's ability to pump blood.
• Disruption of the endocrine system, which regulates hormones. This includes potential hormonal disruptions from endocrine disruptors, which can impact hormone levels.
• Increases in glucose levels, similar to those seen in people with type 2 diabetes, which can be passed from pregnant women to their offspring.
• Possible exacerbation of dementia.
• Certain types of cancer, with high and prolonged exposure to some compounds.

At-Risk Groups

Some people are more at risk of adverse reactions to fragrances than others. Those who work in industries with continuous fragrance exposure, such as cleaning, cosmetics, or agriculture, are particularly vulnerable. Additionally, individuals with pre-existing conditions like asthma or COPD should avoid highly fragranced environments.

The rise of mass-produced synthetic fragrances

The history of synthetic fragrances dates back to the 1860s when analytic studies of essential oils' composition and structures led to the artificial reproduction of molecules. Originally, notes such as musk or vanilla were highly valued, but the advent of synthetics made these aromas more accessible and affordable. The development of synthetic fragrances also addressed issues with the inconsistency and instability of natural ingredients, as suppliers often diluted their oils with various substances.

The emergence of synthetic fragrances led to the era of perfumer-artists and the creation of large fragrance houses, including Firmenich, IFF, Mane, Robertet, Guilmard, and Takasago. These companies played a crucial role in pairing natural and synthetic fragrances, creating complex and unique scents. However, the fear of synthetics emerged when one of the first synthesized fragrance molecules, nitrobenzene, was declared toxic in 1865. Despite this, the fragrance industry continued to innovate and create new synthetic molecules, with the process typically taking around five years and costing approximately $2 million.

Today, synthetic fragrances remain a dominant force in the market, driven by factors such as scent performance, range of expression, flexibility, affordability, and environmental sustainability. However, there has also been a recent rise in fragrance-related health problems, with many people experiencing headaches, allergies, respiratory problems, and other issues when exposed to fragranced products. This has led to a growing demand for natural and organic fragrances, as consumers become more conscious of the potential health and environmental impacts of synthetic ingredients.

Fragrance-related health problems

Fragrances are more than just annoying to many people—they can cause very real health problems. According to a study in Preventive Medicine Reports, one-third of 1,098 Australians surveyed reported experiencing health issues due to scented products. These issues include respiratory problems, migraines, eye irritation, sneezing, dizziness, nausea, and mental cloudiness.

Fragranced products contain chemicals, including dangerous air pollutants, some of which are carcinogenic. These chemicals become airborne and can be inhaled, causing issues for people, especially when indoors. Even natural fragrances from plants and flowers can affect people with asthma.

The specific chemicals causing these issues can be challenging to identify, as manufacturers often list "fragrance" or "parfum" on ingredient lists rather than specific chemicals. However, some common culprits include α-pinene (APN), limonene (LIM), linalool (LIL), and eugenol (EUG).

Fragrance sensitivity refers to irritation of the respiratory tract or mucous membranes of the eyes caused by ingredients or chemicals in natural or manufactured scents. It can cause symptoms such as a ticklish nose, raw or burning nasal passages, and watery, itchy, or red eyes. Prolonged exposure can lead to nausea and dizziness, while direct skin exposure can result in contact irritant dermatitis.

To manage fragrance sensitivity, it is recommended to avoid fragranced products and opt for unscented alternatives. This can be challenging in public spaces, workplaces, and when visiting friends, so communication about sensitivities is essential. Over-the-counter medications can also help treat symptoms.

How to treat fragrance sensitivity

Fragrance sensitivity is a common issue, with about one-third of people experiencing health problems when exposed to fragranced products. Symptoms can include respiratory issues, headaches, migraines, nausea, and skin irritation. If you are one of the many people who experience fragrance sensitivity, here are some ways to treat it:

Identify Your Triggers

It can be helpful to know what specific scents bother you. Keep a journal of when and where you experience a bad reaction to a smell. Take note of any probable causes, from outdoor scents to household products. Bring your journal to work or social events, as these places can be common sources of fragrance sensitivity triggers.

Minimize Exposure

One of the best ways to minimize reactions is to keep your exposure to fragrances low, especially if your reactions are intense. Stay away from scents that bother you, and avoid stores with heavy odors, such as department stores that use a lot of chemical cleaners. Ask your household members, friends, and colleagues to minimize their use of scented products.

Choose Fragrance-Free Products

When buying products, opt for those labelled 'fragrance-free'. Even products labelled 'unscented' may contain compounds and chemicals that are potential allergens. Be cautious during the holiday season, as artificial scents are prevalent during this time. If you are invited to parties, politely inform your hosts about your sensitivity and request that they avoid lighting scented candles, for example.

Use Air Purifiers or Fans

Consider investing in an air purifier or a fan to help remove unwanted scents from your home.

Seek Medical Advice

If you suffer from fragrance sensitivity, it is recommended to consult a doctor. They can help you identify any underlying allergies and develop an action plan for treatment, which may include medications or lifestyle changes.

Educate Others

Many people are unaware of the impact of fragrances on sensitive individuals. Educate your friends, family, and colleagues about fragrance sensitivity and politely request that they reduce their use of scented products around you. Explain that it is a medical concern and not a personal judgment.

Alter Your Work Environment

If your workplace is a source of fragrance sensitivity triggers, talk to your employer about possible accommodations. This may include implementing a fragrance-free policy, providing air purifiers, or allowing you to work from home on certain days.

By following these steps, you can effectively treat and manage fragrance sensitivity, reducing the impact on your health and well-being.

Frequently asked questions