Heidi Norton
Fragrances are a common trigger for respiratory issues, allergies, and asthma. Some people experience coughing fits triggered by perfumes or other strong fragrances. This can be caused by fragrance sensitivity, which occurs due to irritation of the respiratory tract or mucous membranes of the eyes. Certain chemicals in perfumes, such as α-pinene (APN), limonene (LIM), linalool (LIL), and eugenol (EUG), can induce fragrance sensitivity. Coughing is a natural reflex and a protective response to irritants in the throat or airway. For those with fragrance sensitivity, avoiding offending fragrances is the best way to manage their condition.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cause | Fragrance sensitivity, chemical sensitivity, asthma, GERD, vocal cord dysfunction, or a combination of chemical sensitivity and cough sensitivity |
| Symptoms | Coughing, sneezing, sniffling, nausea, dizziness, skin redness, skin irritation, prickly rash, watery eyes, headaches, fatigue |
| Treatment | Avoid offending fragrances, use over-the-counter medications (e.g. pain relievers, nasal decongestants), take asthma or allergy medications, use acid-blocking drugs |
| Prevention | Buy unscented or fragrance-free products, use natural cleaners, ask others to avoid wearing strong perfumes or colognes |
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What You'll Learn
Fragrance sensitivity
People with fragrance sensitivity may experience coughing fits triggered by perfumes or other strong fragrances. In some cases, the sensitivity can be so severe that even a brief exposure to a strong scent can cause an adverse reaction. For example, Harwood, a 61-year-old woman from Phoenix, experienced uncontrollable coughing fits triggered by perfumes and strong fragrances in her workplace. She had to be sequestered in a private office with a fan running to mitigate her symptoms.
The causes of fragrance sensitivity vary and can be challenging to pinpoint. Certain chemicals commonly found in fragrances, such as α-pinene (APN), limonene (LIM), linalool (LIL), and eugenol (EUG), are known to induce fragrance sensitivity in some individuals. These chemicals can be present in both natural and artificial fragrances, so it is essential to read labels carefully and choose fragrance-free or unscented products when possible.
Managing fragrance sensitivity can be difficult, especially in public places or workplaces where exposure to fragrances is common. The best way to manage this condition is to avoid offending fragrances altogether. This can be achieved by using unscented soaps and lotions, opting for natural cleaners, and asking others to refrain from wearing strong perfumes or colognes. In some cases, medication may be necessary to control symptoms, and it is always advisable to seek medical advice if fragrance sensitivity is causing significant discomfort or affecting quality of life.
Additionally, fragrance sensitivity can cause other symptoms beyond coughing. Prolonged exposure to certain scents can lead to nausea and dizziness, while direct skin exposure to certain substances can cause contact irritant dermatitis, characterised by skin redness, irritation, and a prickly rash. It is important to be mindful of these potential symptoms and seek medical attention if they occur.
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Allergies and asthma
Coughing is a natural reflex that occurs when something affects your throat or airway. It is usually a healthy response, as your body is trying to protect you from foreign substances. While a cough can be triggered by various factors, such as food caught in the throat, mucus in the airway, or certain medications, specific smells can also be a cause.
Fragrance sensitivity is a common issue that can lead to coughing. Certain chemicals in perfumes, such as α-pinene (APN), limonene (LIM), linalool (LIL), and eugenol (EUG), can irritate the respiratory tract and mucous membranes of the eyes, resulting in coughing. This sensitivity can develop through prolonged breathing exposure to fragrances or direct skin exposure, leading to symptoms such as skin redness, irritation, and a prickly rash.
For individuals with allergies or asthma, fragrances can act as triggers and cause coughing fits. Inhaling allergens or asthma triggers like mold or dust can lead to an overreaction of the airways as they try to force out the irritant. This protective response results in coughing, which can be challenging to manage, especially in enclosed spaces or when exposure is unavoidable.
To manage fragrance sensitivity and reduce coughing, it is advisable to avoid offending fragrances by opting for unscented or fragrance-free products. At home, this can be achieved by using unscented soaps and lotions, choosing fake flowers, and banning cigarettes. In workplaces or social settings, it is essential to communicate sensitivities to colleagues, friends, and family members, as strong perfumes or fragrances can affect individuals with sensitivities.
Additionally, over-the-counter medications can be used to treat symptoms, including pain relievers and nasal decongestants. For those with underlying allergies or asthma, taking prescribed allergy or asthma medications is crucial to manage symptoms effectively.
While coughing is typically a protective mechanism, it can be disruptive and concerning when triggered by fragrances. Understanding fragrance sensitivity, allergies, and asthma triggers can help individuals manage their symptoms and find relief from persistent coughing.
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Vocal cord dysfunction
Perfumes and fragrances can trigger respiratory issues and fragrance sensitivity in some people. Fragrance sensitivity can cause symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, itchy eyes, nausea, dizziness, and skin irritation. The severity of symptoms varies from person to person and can be influenced by the duration and intensity of exposure to the fragrance.
If you experience coughing when exposed to perfume, you may have fragrance sensitivity or vocal cord dysfunction. Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) occurs when the vocal cords do not open properly, causing a blockage in the airway. This can lead to symptoms such as coughing, throat tightness, and difficulty breathing. While the exact cause of VCD is unknown, it is often triggered by irritants such as strong smells, dust, or smoke.
To manage vocal cord dysfunction triggered by perfume, it is recommended to avoid exposure to strong fragrances and perfumes. This can include asking others not to wear strong perfumes or colognes, using unscented or fragrance-free products, and opting for natural cleaners or making your own with ingredients like baking soda or white vinegar. It is also important to ensure good ventilation when using aerosols and to be mindful of your posture and positioning to maintain a relaxed and open position for optimal breathing.
In some cases, over-the-counter medications can help manage symptoms of vocal cord dysfunction triggered by fragrances. This may include pain relievers or nasal decongestants. If you have underlying asthma or allergies, it is important to take your prescribed medications to control any flare-ups caused by fragrance exposure.
If you suspect that you have vocal cord dysfunction or fragrance sensitivity, it is advisable to consult a doctor for personalized advice and treatment options. They may recommend specific strategies or medications to help manage your symptoms and improve your respiratory function.
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Post-nasal drip
Perfumes and other fragrances can trigger respiratory issues in people with asthma, allergies, or fragrance sensitivity. Fragrance sensitivity occurs due to irritation of the respiratory tract or mucous membranes of the eyes. Symptoms of fragrance sensitivity can include nausea, dizziness, skin redness, irritation, and a prickly rash.
If you are experiencing post-nasal drip, it is recommended that you speak with a healthcare professional, especially if your symptoms persist for more than three weeks or you notice any discolouration of your mucus. Treatment options for post-nasal drip depend on the underlying cause and may include over-the-counter medications, nasal sprays, antibiotics, or prescription steroid medications.
To manage fragrance sensitivity, it is advisable to avoid offending fragrances by using unscented or fragrance-free products. However, be aware that some products labelled as \"natural fragrance\" may still contain triggering chemicals. In situations where avoiding fragrances is challenging, such as in the workplace or at a friend's house, it is important to communicate your sensitivities to those around you. Additionally, you can try using a small fan or moving your desk away from potential triggers.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Certain smells can cause respiratory issues in people, whether or not they have asthma or allergies. Fragrance sensitivity can cause symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, skin redness, irritation, and a prickly rash. The most common substances that induce fragrance sensitivity include α-pinene (APN), limonene (LIM), linalool (LIL), and eugenol (EUG).
To manage fragrance sensitivity, it is recommended to avoid offending fragrances by using unscented or fragrance-free products. Buying unscented soaps and lotions, decorating with fake flowers, banning cigarettes indoors, and using natural cleaners are some ways to reduce exposure to strong fragrances. In situations where avoiding exposure is challenging, over-the-counter medications can be used to treat symptoms, such as pain relievers or nasal decongestants.
Now, let's talk about Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). COPD is a common lung disease that causes restricted airflow and significant breathing problems. It is characterised by irreversible airway damage, inflammation, and scarring, leading to blocked or obstructed airways. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are both forms of COPD. This condition is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, with tobacco smoking being the primary risk factor in high-income countries. Household air pollution is also a significant risk factor, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
COPD symptoms include a chronic cough, sometimes with phlegm, difficulty breathing, wheezing, and tiredness. While there is no cure for COPD, symptoms can be managed and improved by avoiding smoking, reducing exposure to air pollution, getting vaccinated, and taking medications. Pulmonary rehabilitation, which includes exercises to improve breathing and physical activity, is also an essential part of COPD management. Early diagnosis and creating a plan with a healthcare team can help individuals with COPD lead healthier and more manageable lives.
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Frequently asked questions
Coughing is a natural reflex that occurs when something affects your throat or airway. Perfume contains chemicals that can irritate your airways or throat, causing a dry cough.
Avoiding offending fragrances is the best way to manage fragrance sensitivity. You can do this by using unscented or fragrance-free products, asking others to avoid wearing strong perfumes, and using natural cleaners.
Fragrance sensitivity can cause a range of symptoms, including coughing, nausea, dizziness, skin redness, irritation, and a prickly rash. If you experience any of these symptoms after inhaling a scent or chemical, seek medical attention.
