Lance Carson
There are many fragrant flowers and plants that can add a wonderful aroma to your garden or home. Some of the most well-known plants with strong fragrances include jasmine, wisteria, roses, gardenia, and nicotiana. These plants can be placed in pots, containers, or grown on pergolas or lattice walls to fill your outdoor space with their sweet scents. The fragrance of some plants, like jasmine and nicotiana, intensifies in the evenings, making them perfect for patios or spots where you can enjoy their scent on warm summer nights. Other plants, like the night-blooming Sirius, have a strong fragrance that can linger for days after crushing their leaves or flowers.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Common Name | Wisteria, Jasmine, Gardenia, Freesia, Roses, Heliotrope, Sweet Alyssum, Phlox, Butterfly Bush, Nicotiana, Lily of the Valley, Viburnums, Tuberose, Night-Blooming Sirius, Tobacco Flower, Rocktrumpet, Bearded Iris |
| Botanical Name | Wisteria spp., Jasminum spp., Gardenia augusta, G. grandiflora, G. jasmnoides, Freesia spp., Rosa spp., Heliotropium, Lobularia maritima, Phlox spp., Buddleja davidii, Nicotiana, Convallaria majalis, Viburnums, Polianthes tuberosa, Cestrum nocturnum, Nicotiana, Mandevilla spp., Iris germanica |
| Flower Colour | White, pink, purple, blue, yellow, red, orange, lavender |
| Fragrance Type | Sweet, fruity, spicy, vanilla, citrus, floral, perfume-like, lily-like, honey-like, waxy, root beer, orange blossom, almond, cherry pie |
| Intense Fragrance | Yes, especially in the evenings and at night |
| Sun Exposure | Full sun to partial shade |
| Soil Type | Well-drained, moist, nutrient-rich, slightly acidic |
| Toxicity | Some plants are toxic to animals, e.g., Gardenia and Bearded Iris |
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Jasmine
The most common species of jasmine used in perfumery is white jasmine, or common jasmine (Jasminum officinale), which is native to the Himalayas and is the national flower of Pakistan. This species is prized for its strong, sweet fragrance, which has been described as "intense" and "rich", with green undertones and musky undertones. The flowers are hand-picked and used to create jasmine absolute, a key ingredient in perfumery. Another species, jasmine sambac or Arabian jasmine, is also used, particularly to perfume green tea.
The versatility of jasmine means it can be used to create a wide range of aromas, from sexy and seductive to elegant and feminine. It is a popular ingredient in women's perfumes, often combined with other floral notes such as rose and vanilla, as well as spices like pink pepper and saffron. Its versatility also means it can be layered with other scents or worn on its own.
In the garden, jasmine is a vigorous vine that can be grown on a pergola or lattice wall, or trained to climb a sturdy post or trellis. It prefers full sun but will grow in partial shade, and its fragrance can range from faint to overpowering, depending on the variety.
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Wisteria
The Japanese Wisteria is a vigorous climber, twining clockwise, with leaves bearing 13-19 elliptical or oval-shaped leaflets. These leaves are usually pale green or bronze when young and generally turn yellow in the fall. The scented violet flowers appear with the leaves in pendulous racemes, about 12 inches long, in late spring or early summer. Japanese Wisteria is noted for its dramatic racemes, which can reach up to 4 feet in length. It is also known for its graceful growth habit and attractive fall colours. Cultivars of this species include 'Kuchi Beni', which has long drooping clusters of pale mauve-pink flowers, and 'Royal Purple', which bears deep purple, sweetly scented, pea-like flowers.
The Chinese Wisteria is a deciduous climber with intensely fragrant clusters of pea-like flowers in shades of white, pink, lavender, and blue. The 'Jako' cultivar, in particular, is known for its exceptional fragrance. Its white flowers, up to 12 inches long, have a musky scent and bloom in late spring or early summer before the leaves open. The flowers are followed by attractive, velvety, green, bean-like pods that ripen in the fall and may persist into winter. The dense foliage of fresh green, pinnate leaves along the twining stems further adds to the beauty of this cultivar.
Other highly fragrant Wisteria cultivars include 'Murasaki Kapitan' (Wisteria brachybotrys), which has a very sweet scent, and 'Okayama' (Wisteria brachybotrys), an award-winning variety with pale lilac, pea-like flowers, each petal boasting a striking white spot.
When choosing a Wisteria plant, it is important to consider factors such as growth habit, flower colour, and fragrance strength. Wisterias are slow to establish, so it is recommended to buy named varieties propagated from cuttings, buds, or grafts, as they will start blooming within the first few years. To promote blooming, provide heavy-duty support such as a sturdy trellis or arbor, six hours of full direct sun, good drainage, slightly alkaline soil, and plenty of water. Protect the plants from strong winds and avoid using high-nitrogen fertiliser, as this will produce more leaves and fewer flowers. Wisterias can be pruned in winter and summer to control their size, but they can also live long, healthy lives with no pruning at all, happily twining, climbing, and sprawling.
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Gardenia
When planting a Gardenia bush, it is important to dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the plant's root ball. After gently removing the plant from its container and loosening any tightly bound roots, place the gardenia in the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Water thoroughly after planting to settle the soil around the roots and maintain moisture to help establish the gardenia. Applying a layer of organic mulch around the base of the plant can help retain soil moisture, regulate temperature, and reduce weed competition.
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Roses
One of the most fragrant roses is the 'Mister Lincoln' rose, an award-winning hybrid tea rose created in 1965. It features rich, velvety-red petals packed with a strong fragrance. Some rose experts say that 'Mister Lincoln' set the standard for red roses. Another fragrant rose is the 'Just Joey' hybrid tea rose, which has a rich, warm colour blend of pale apricot and glowing orange. It is the way this most fragrant rose appeals to your nose that makes it a garden favourite. Its large ruffled 5-inch flowers are steeped with fruity scents that continually bloom on a bushy plant with deep-green foliage. Because of its shorter nature, 'Just Joey' makes for an excellent container rose on your porch or patio.
The 'Gertrude Jekyll' is another fragrant English shrub rose with a beautiful fragrance. It offers great disease resistance and can be maintained as a tall shrub or encouraged to climb to 10 feet. The 'Madame Alfred Carriere', created in 1879, is an old-rose classic that features pink-blushed white flowers with a strong spicy-sweet scent. The 'Louise Odier' bourbon rose is a vigorous heritage garden rose introduced in 1851 that remains popular for its strength as a cut flower. Its constant supply of bright pink summertime blooms and intense sweet fragrance makes it a favourite of long-time gardeners.
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Freesia
The red and pink freesia flowers are believed to have stronger fragrances. To cultivate freesia, plant the corms outdoors in a sunny garden bed with rich soil, and the blooms will appear after 12 weeks. Freesia is a versatile flower that can be enjoyed in gardens, bouquets, and fragrances, offering a delightful sensory experience.
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Frequently asked questions
Many different plants have strong fragrances, but some of the most notable include:
- Wisteria
- Jasmine
- Gardenia
- Roses
- Freesia
Wisteria has a heady fragrance that can range from musky to sweet. The Chinese wisteria is the most notable species in this regard, as the flowers tend to have the strongest smell.
Jasmine has a strong and sweet fragrance. It is often described as intoxicating and is a featured note in many perfumes.
Gardenia has a waxy, intoxicating fragrance. It is also used in perfumes and as a popular herb in many parts of the world.
While all roses have a legendary scent, the old-fashioned pale pink variety and the light apricot to pink 'Princesse Charlene de Monaco' are particularly fragrant.
Freesia has a fruity, perfume-like scent. The red and pink varieties are thought to have the strongest fragrances.
