Heidi Norton
Scented candles are a popular way to infuse a space with a pleasant aroma and create a cosy atmosphere. However, some candles may contain harmful chemicals, such as phthalates, heavy metals, and petroleum, which can be released into the air when burned. While there are no known health hazards associated with scented candles, concerns have been raised about the safety of artificial fragrances. To ensure the safe use of scented candles, it is recommended to choose candles with wicks made from pure cotton or wood and to burn them in a well-ventilated area.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Fragrance safety level | Not dependent on whether it is natural or from a lab |
| Fragrance safety level | Dependent on the concentration of the specific VOC in the air |
| Fragrance safety level | To be safe, formulas are reviewed against the safety standards established by the IFRA |
| Fragrance safety level | Each ingredient in the fragrance and the finished product must meet the specifications set down by IFRA |
| Fragrance safety level | If the fragrance and product meet the standard, the fragrance VOCs are considered safe for human use |
| Fragrance safety level | Artificial fragrances have VOCs, including phthalates |
| Fragrance safety level | Fragrances, VOCs, and soot can trigger respiratory disease and cause breathing problems |
| Fragrance safety level | Natural waxes may release fewer harmful chemicals |
| Fragrance safety level | Beeswax releases fewer harmful chemicals than other options |
| Fragrance safety level | The chemicals released by scented candles are similar to those from daily household items |
| Fragrance safety level | Scented candles may release potentially cancer-causing chemicals, but the levels are less than half of the recommended indoor air-quality limits |
| Fragrance safety level | Scented candles release chemicals in "relatively trivial concentrations" |
| Fragrance safety level | Scented candles can be enjoyed occasionally without danger |
| Fragrance safety level | Scented candles should be burned in a well-ventilated area |
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What You'll Learn
Natural fragrances are safer than artificial fragrances
While candles are a popular choice for infusing our living spaces with pleasant aromas, there are concerns about the safety of fragrances used in candles. There is a common misconception that natural fragrances are inherently healthy and safe, but this is not always true. Natural fragrances can cause irritation, photosensitivity, or trigger various reactions. On the other hand, synthetic fragrances are created in labs using a combination of chemical compounds designed to mimic natural scents. While they can be appealing due to their longevity and low cost, they can also be harmful to human health.
Natural fragrances, such as essential oils, can sometimes have an unpleasant burning scent, indicating a potentially harmful chemical change. In contrast, synthetic fragrances are designed to burn cleanly and effectively, reducing the risk of harmful chemical releases. For example, the synthetic fragrance molecule was created to burn in a candle, offering a cleaner and more sensitive experience than some natural oils. However, it is important to note that not all synthetic fragrances are safe. Some contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phthalates, which can cause respiratory issues, headaches, and allergic reactions.
To ensure the safety of fragrances in candles, formulas are reviewed against the standards established by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA). Each ingredient and the final product must meet these specifications to be compliant. If a fragrance meets these standards, the VOCs in that product are considered safe for human use. Additionally, non-toxic synthetic fragrances are made with plant-based ingredients, reducing the likelihood of negative health effects. These fragrances are often labelled as "natural" or "organic" and can be found in candles, perfumes, and cleaning supplies.
While natural fragrances may be less stable and more unsustainable due to the specific cultivation requirements of their source materials, they are not inherently safer than synthetic fragrances. The notion that natural fragrances are superior is often used as a green marketing strategy to increase sales. However, it is important to be cautious with older candles, as wicks in these candles may still contain toxic metals like lead. To reduce the risk of harmful chemicals, opt for candles with wicks made from pure cotton or wood.
In conclusion, when it comes to candle fragrances, it is essential to prioritize safety and cleanliness over the natural origin of the fragrances. While natural fragrances have their benefits, they can also have drawbacks, including sustainability issues and potential irritation. Synthetic fragrances, when properly formulated and reviewed by organizations like IFRA, can provide a safer and more effective alternative, ensuring a pleasant and healthy experience for consumers.
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The amount of fragrance added to a candle matters
The amount of fragrance added to a candle is an important consideration for a few reasons. Firstly, the fragrance load, or the percentage of fragrance oil in the candle, affects the quality of the candle. Using too much fragrance can lead to candles with dry or lumpy wax, or even candles that do not hold a flame. The ideal fragrance load is typically between 5-6%, but it can vary depending on the type of candle wax used.
Secondly, the fragrance's safety is a critical factor. While there are no known health hazards associated with scented candles, concerns have been raised about the safety of synthetic fragrances versus natural fragrance materials and essential oils. It's important to note that a fragrance's safety level is not determined by its origin (natural or laboratory-made) but rather by the concentration of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in the air. To ensure safety, fragrance formulas are reviewed against the standards set by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA).
Additionally, the type of fragrance used is crucial. Some fragrances may not perform well in candles, especially those with high melting points. Certain essential oils, citrus oils, and herbal oils can produce an unpleasant smell when burned, while some menthol and camphor oils can be toxic or irritating to asthmatics and small animals. It is always recommended to use fragrance oils specifically formulated and tested for candle-making.
Lastly, the fragrance load can impact the burn quality of a candle. A candle that is properly made and burned, with the correct amount of fragrance, will burn cleanly and safely, producing very little smoke. However, if the wick becomes too long or if the flame is disturbed, unburned carbon particles (soot) may escape as visible smoke. Therefore, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and maintain the proper wick size to ensure optimal burn conditions.
In summary, the amount of fragrance added to a candle is a critical factor that affects the candle's quality, safety, and burn performance. By using the appropriate fragrance load, choosing suitable fragrance types, and following safety guidelines, candle makers can ensure their products are enjoyable and safe for consumers.
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Avoid candles with wicks containing lead or zinc
While candles are a popular choice for infusing our living spaces with pleasant aromas, they may contain harmful chemicals. The wicks of candles have been a particular cause for concern.
Historically, wicks were made of lead and zinc at their metal core. Lead poisoning can cause behavioural changes and damage internal organs, especially the kidneys. It is particularly dangerous for children, and can cause learning disabilities, hearing problems, and growth retardation. Due to these dangers, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned the manufacturing, importing, and selling of candles with lead wicks in 2003.
Despite this ban, some candles, especially those imported or not complying with safety standards, may still contain lead or other toxic metals in their wicks. This is because consumers cannot tell if a metal-cored wick contains lead or an alternative, such as zinc, without contacting the retailer.
To reduce the risk of harmful chemicals polluting your air, opt for candles with wicks made from pure cotton or wood.
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Ventilate the room after using scented candles
While scented candles can be a great way to fill your home with comforting fragrances, it's important to be mindful of the potential risks associated with their use. Candles can release harmful chemicals into the air, including VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and other toxic compounds. These chemicals can have adverse effects on your health, even in small doses.
To mitigate these risks, it is recommended to ventilate the room after using scented candles. By opening a window or door, you can allow fresh air to circulate and help disperse the concentration of these chemicals. This is especially important if you are burning candles in a small or enclosed space, as the scent molecules can become trapped, leading to an overwhelming scent and potentially causing a safety hazard.
Ventilation is crucial not only during but also after extinguishing a candle. Even after a candle has been blown out, the hot wax can continue to release vapors and particles into the air. By ventilating the room, you can reduce the presence of these potentially harmful chemicals and improve the air quality.
Additionally, it is important to choose your candles wisely. Look for candles made from natural sources, such as beeswax, which releases fewer harmful chemicals than other types of wax. Avoid candles with wicks that contain lead or zinc, as these metals can release toxic particles when burned. Opt for candles with wicks made from pure cotton or wood to reduce the risk of polluting your indoor air.
Finally, be mindful of the duration of candle usage. Avoid burning candles for extended periods, as this can increase the concentration of harmful chemicals in the air. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for maximum burn times, and discontinue burning when the recommended amount of wax remains. By taking these precautions and ventilating your space, you can safely enjoy the benefits of scented candles without compromising your health.
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Opt for candles with essential oils or those labelled as phthalate-free
When it comes to choosing a candle that is safe to use, it's important to consider the potential risks associated with certain fragrances and opt for healthier alternatives. While there are no known health hazards linked to scented candles, concerns have been raised about the safety of synthetic fragrances versus natural fragrance materials and essential oils. To ensure your safety, it is recommended to opt for candles with essential oils or those labelled as phthalate-free.
Phthalates are synthetic chemicals widely used to make plastic more flexible, but they are also commonly found in fragrances, including candles. These chemicals can disrupt the endocrine system, which regulates hormones, and have been linked to various health issues, especially in children. Therefore, choosing phthalate-free candles is a safer option, particularly for families with young children.
Essential oils, extracted directly from plants and natural sources, offer a natural and aromatic way to craft your own candles. They allow you to create custom scents while avoiding synthetic fragrances and potentially harmful chemicals. While essential oils can be more challenging to work with due to their low boiling points and higher prices, they offer peace of mind for those seeking natural alternatives. Popular essential oils for candles include peppermint, bergamot, eucalyptus, cinnamon, and orange, each offering its unique aromatic and therapeutic benefits.
Some candle brands, such as Aire Candle Co, Natural Sloth, and Fontana, offer candles made with beeswax and essential oils, providing a more natural and subtle fragrance. Beeswax candles are considered a safer alternative to paraffin wax due to their natural properties and lower toxicity. These candles often feature natural cotton wicks and are free from parabens, phthalates, artificial fragrances, and dyes, making them a healthier choice for conscious consumers.
Additionally, when purchasing candles, it is recommended to choose those with wicks made from pure cotton or wood to reduce the risk of harmful chemicals. Metal-core wicks, although deemed safe, have historically used lead and zinc, which can release toxic chemicals when burned. By opting for natural wicks and phthalate-free or essential oil-based candles, you can create a soothing and fragrant atmosphere in your home without compromising your health.
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Frequently asked questions
Scientific and expert opinion on the safety of scented candles is mixed. While there are no known health hazards associated with the use of scented candles, some studies have shown that they can release harmful chemicals, especially when burned for long periods.
Natural fragrances are generally considered safer than artificial fragrances, as they release fewer harmful chemicals. Essential oils are also a good option. However, it's important to note that even natural fragrances can contain VOCs, which can be harmful in high concentrations.
VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) are chemicals that are released into the air when candles are burned. While not all VOCs are harmful, some, like toluene and benzene, are known toxins and can cause health issues at high concentrations or with prolonged exposure.
To reduce the risk of exposure to harmful chemicals, choose candles with natural waxes like beeswax, soy, or coconut. Avoid paraffin wax, as it may increase exposure to harmful chemicals. Ensure the wick is made from cotton, wood, or synthetic materials, and avoid metal-core wicks containing lead or zinc. Always burn candles in a well-ventilated area and follow the manufacturer's instructions for burn time and proper use.
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