
Burning incense is a spiritual practice that has been prevalent across various cultures and religions. In the context of the Bible, incense is offered to God as an act of worship and is often mentioned in the Old Testament. God gave Moses and Aaron specific instructions for burning incense, including the ingredients and methods, emphasizing its holiness and exclusivity for worship. The Bible also mentions the symbolic significance of incense, representing the prayers of the people rising to God. While some Christians may continue this practice, the key consideration is the intention behind the act, ensuring it aligns with a sincere expression of worship rather than mere ritual.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Burning incense is a symbol of worship | Incense is offered to God in worship throughout the Bible, at his divine command |
| Burning incense is a holy act | God instructed Moses and Aaron on the times, places, and methods of burning incense |
| Burning incense is a symbol of prayer | The smoke that comes from burning incense is considered to be the "prayer of the faithful rising to heaven" |
| Burning incense is a symbol of divinity | The Magi offered incense to the newborn Christ as a symbol of his divinity |
| Burning incense is a symbol of protection | The smoke from the incense symbolized the prayers of the people and protected the high priest from the direct presence of God |
| Burning incense is a symbol of purification | The blood of a sacrificed goat was applied to the altar of incense to ceremonially purify it from sin |
| Burning incense is a symbol of sacrifice | Burning incense is considered a "sweet sacrifice" offered to God |
| Burning incense is a symbol of holiness | The incense burned on the altar in the tabernacle was to be "most holy" and not used for personal use |
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What You'll Learn

Incense as a symbol of prayer
Incense has been used as a religious symbol and in spiritual practices across the world for thousands of years, including in Indian, Chinese, Greek, Egyptian, and Christian cultures. In the Bible, incense is offered to God as a form of worship and prayer.
In the Old Testament, God commands Moses and Aaron regarding the times, places, and methods of burning incense. He instructs Moses to make a specific blend of "sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum, sweet spices with pure frankincense" (Exodus 30:34-35). This blend, with the addition of salt, is to be burned by the high priest on an altar of incense, which stands in the Holy Place, the outermost room of the tabernacle (Exodus 30:1-8). The high priest burned incense twice daily, once before the morning sacrifice and again after the evening sacrifice (Exodus 30:7-8).
The altar of incense played a vital role in the daily and yearly worship activities that symbolized Israel's relationship with God. The burning of incense was a holy act, and God emphasized its exclusive use for worship, prohibiting the Israelites from using the sacred blend for personal use (Exodus 30:36-38).
The smoke that arises from burning incense is considered to symbolize the prayers of the people rising to God. In Psalm 141:2, the psalmist writes, "Let my prayer be accepted as sweet-smelling incense in your presence. Let the lifting up of my hands in prayer be accepted as an evening sacrifice." This verse reflects the belief that the sweet fragrance of incense, offered to God, is a symbol of the faithful's prayers rising to heaven.
The practice of burning incense continued in the time of Christ. For instance, the Magi offered incense to the newborn Christ, symbolizing his divinity (Matthew 2:11). Furthermore, according to Isaiah's prophecy, incense will be received by God from all the nations of the earth in worship of the Lord (Isaiah 60:6-7).
Therefore, incense serves as a symbol of prayer in the Bible, representing the faithful's prayers rising to God and their worship of Him.
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The altar of incense
The smoke from the incense symbolized the prayers of the people and, on the Day of Atonement, the high priest would enter the Holy of Holies with a censer of burning incense to create a protective cloud, ensuring his survival in the presence of God. The altar of incense was also connected with the sacrificial rituals of Israel, with the blood of sin offerings being smeared on its horns.
Incense was offered to God in worship throughout the Bible, and this practice has continued in the Church to the present day. The burning of incense is seen as a divine command, with God giving Moses and Aaron instructions for the times, places, and methods of burning.
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The ingredients and blend
The Bible mentions incense in several passages, and it has been used in Christian worship through to the present day. In the Old Testament, incense was burned as a holy act of worship, and God gave Moses and Aaron detailed instructions for the times, places, and methods of burning incense.
> "Take sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum, sweet spices with pure frankincense (of each shall there be an equal part), and make an incense blended as by the perfumer, seasoned with salt, pure and holy."
Stacte, also called "gum resin," is derived from the bark of myrrh bushes and ground into a powder. Onycha is made from ground mollusk shell scrapings, and galbanum is a resin obtained from the ferula plant. Frankincense is another resin, harvested from boswellia trees. Salt is also added to the blend. Salt's anti-bacterial properties prevent decay, and it symbolizes the purity of the ingredients.
God assigned the high priest the role of burning this exact blend on the altar of incense. The altar was constructed from acacia wood and overlaid with gold. It stood in the Holy Place, the outermost room of the tabernacle, directly in front of the entrance to the innermost room, the Holy of Holies. The high priest burned incense twice daily, once before the morning sacrifice and again after the evening sacrifice.
The Bible also mentions specific prohibitions regarding the use of incense. The Israelites were forbidden from using the sacred blend for personal use as a fragrance and from burning "unauthorized" or "strange" incense on the altar. These prohibitions underscored the sacred nature of incense in worship.
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The role of the high priest
The book of Exodus outlines the construction of the golden altar of incense, which stood in front of the curtain that shielded the Ark of the Covenant. The high priest's duty was to burn incense on this altar, creating a fragrant smoke that filled the Holy Place. This ritual was to be performed daily, in the morning and evening, as a regular part of the priest's duties.
Additionally, the high priest played a crucial role in the Day of Atonement, or Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar. On this sacred day, the high priest would enter the Most Holy Place, the innermost sanctum of the Tabernacle or Temple, to offer sacrifices and burn incense before the Ark of the Covenant. This was the only day when anyone was permitted to enter the presence of the Ark, and the high priest's duty was to perform this solemn ritual.
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Incense in the Old Testament
Incense burning has been a significant practice in various cultures and religions. In the Bible, incense is offered to God as an act of worship and has been carried by the Church to the present day.
In the Old Testament, incense was considered to be related to "a greater reality". God gave Moses and Aaron detailed instructions for the times, places, and methods of burning incense. It was to be burned perpetually before the Lord, and it was a holy act of worship (Exodus 30). The high priest burned incense twice daily, once before the morning sacrifice and again after the evening sacrifice (Exodus 30:7–8). The altar played a vital role in daily and yearly worship activities that symbolized Israel's relationship with God.
God instructed Moses to make a specific blend of incense using "sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum, sweet spices with pure frankincense" (Exodus 30:34–35, ESV). The high priest was assigned the role of burning this exact blend on the altar of incense. The altar was made of acacia wood and overlaid with gold, measuring three feet high and eighteen inches square, featuring a horn on each corner (Exodus 30:1–6).
The incense burned on the altar was to be "most holy" and not used for personal fragrance. God prohibited the Israelites from using any other blend or offering the sacred mixture with food offerings (Exodus 30:9,36-38). The book of Leviticus records that Nadab and Abihu, sons of Aaron, offered "strange fire" before the Lord, which He had commanded them not to do, and they were consumed by fire from the Lord (Leviticus 10:1-2).
On the Day of Atonement, a special ceremony involving incense took place. The high priest entered the Holy of Holies with burning incense in a censer, creating a protective cloud of smoke over the mercy seat, the cover of the ark of the covenant (Leviticus 16:12–13). The smoke symbolized the prayers of the people and protected the high priest from the direct presence of God, ensuring his survival.
In the time of Christ, incense continued to be offered in the Temple. Zacharias, the father of John the Baptist, served as high priest and was offering incense in the Temple when John's birth was announced (Luke 1). The Magi also offered incense to the newborn Christ, symbolizing his divinity (Matthew 2:11).
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Frequently asked questions
Burning incense is a holy act of worship. The smoke that comes from burning incense is considered to be the "prayer of the faithful rising to heaven".
God commanded Moses and Aaron to burn a specific blend of "sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum, sweet spices with pure frankincense".
God gave Moses and Aaron detailed instructions for the times, places, and methods of burning incense. It was to be burned perpetually before the Lord.
Incense is burned on an altar made of acacia wood and overlaid with gold. The altar stood in the Holy Place, the outermost room of the tabernacle, directly in front of the entrance to the innermost room, the Holy of Holies.
Burning incense is a way to physically and spiritually lift up our hearts to God. It is also a symbol of our prayers arising to God and a sweet sacrifice.











































