Choosing a cologne can be a daunting task, especially if you're not familiar with the different fragrance notes. There are hundreds of scents to choose from, and they can be classified into several categories. The four main types are warm, woody, oriental, and fresh, with each effect brought out by different combinations of fragrances.
Fresh scents, like Davidoff Cool Water, generally rely on aquatic and citrus notes, while warm scents like DKNY's Be Delicious use more florals and juicy fruit scents. Oriental fragrances are warm, sweet, and a little spicy, and woody fragrances are warm, with a mysterious and captivating scent, often favoured in aftershaves.
Colognes are light fragrances with 2% to 5% concentration of perfume oils. They are often available in sporty scents with citrusy top notes and no base notes. They are best used post-workout or on casual weekends.
Understanding these fragrance categories can help you navigate the vast array of cologne options and make a more informed decision when choosing your signature scent.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Main scent families | Warm, woody, oriental, fresh |
Fresh fragrances | Citrus, water, green notes |
Warm fragrances | Florals, juicy fruits |
Floral fragrances | Sweet, flowery |
Oriental fragrances | Warm, sweet, spicy |
Woody fragrances | Cedarwood, sandalwood, vetiver, amber |
Top notes | Initial smell, evaporates quickly |
Middle notes | Main body of the fragrance, well-rounded |
Base notes | Longest-lasting, mixes with middle notes |
Types of fragrances | Perfume, eau de parfum, eau de toilette, eau de cologne, eau fraiche |
Perfume oil concentration in eau de cologne | 2-4% |
Typical top notes | Light floral, citrus, fruity, powdery, marine, aquatic, spice |
Typical middle notes | Heavier floral, jasmine, grass, stone, spice, fruit |
Typical base notes | Sandalwood, moss, vetiver, vanilla, tar, leather, smoke, tobacco, musk |
What You'll Learn
Cologne explained: the difference between cologne, perfume, eau de toilette, etc
When it comes to fragrance, there are several types to choose from, including cologne, perfume, eau de toilette, and eau de parfum. These different types of fragrances vary in terms of their strength, longevity, and price. Here's a detailed explanation of each:
Cologne
Cologne, or eau de cologne, is a type of fragrance that typically contains around 2% to 4% perfume oil. It has a lower concentration of fragrance compared to other types, resulting in a lighter and less intense scent. Eau de cologne usually lasts for up to two hours and is often used as a body splash to freshen up throughout the day. It is generally less expensive due to its lower fragrance concentration and high alcohol content. Originally, eau de cologne referred to a traditional recipe that used herbal and citrus notes with minimal base notes.
Perfume
Perfume, also known as parfum, has the highest fragrance concentration among the different types. It typically contains more than 20% oil concentration, allowing it to last from morning to evening. Perfumes can usually be detected for six to eight hours, making them the longest-lasting option. Due to their high concentration, perfumes also tend to be the most expensive. They are ideal for those who want a strong and long-lasting fragrance. Additionally, perfumes contain less alcohol than other types, making them a good choice for individuals with sensitive skin.
Eau de Toilette
Eau de toilette (EDT) is a popular type of fragrance that falls between cologne and perfume in terms of strength. It typically contains 5% to 15% perfume oil, resulting in a solid fragrance that lasts for two to three hours. Eau de toilette is often considered daywear, while eau de parfum is seen as nightwear. The term "eau de toilette" comes from the French phrase "faire sa toilette," which means "getting ready." EDT is generally more affordable than perfumes and is perfect for those who want a reliable fragrance for everyday use.
Eau de Parfum
Eau de parfum (EDP) is the next step down from perfume in terms of concentration. It contains 15% to 20% oil concentration, providing a solid four to five hours of fragrance. While it doesn't last as long as perfume, it is more affordable and can be a good choice for those who want a reliable fragrance for various occasions. EDP offers a balance between longevity and price, making it a popular choice for many.
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How to choose a cologne scent
Choosing a cologne can be a daunting task, but it doesn't have to be. The most important thing to know is the scent pyramid: top, heart, and base notes. Top notes are what you smell immediately after spraying and they dissipate the fastest; the heart is the core of the scent and what you smell after the cologne has "dried down"; and the base notes are the core smell that stays on your skin the longest.
The four main scent families are warm, woody, oriental, and fresh. Fresh scents generally rely on aquatic and citrus notes, whereas warm scents use more florals and juicy fruit scents. Oriental fragrances are warm, sweet, and a little spicy, and woody fragrances have a mysterious and captivating scent that is often favoured for evening wear.
When choosing a cologne, it's always nice to know what kind of scents you gravitate towards—woods, spices, freshness—to help cut through the options quickly. But even with that knowledge, the most important thing you need to do is put your nose to the bottle and find one that smells good to you.
Testing a Cologne
To test a cologne, spray it on your skin, preferably on your wrist or inner elbow, and walk around the store. Avoid smelling the cards that department stores provide, as these will only allow you to smell the top notes. Take notes on your phone or journal about which colognes you like and why.
Buying a Cologne
When buying a cologne, opt for the smaller bottles, especially if you are new to fragrances. Your tastes will probably change once you get the chance to smell different scents, and fragrances do not last forever on the shelf. Rapid heat fluctuations and sunlight can cause the molecules in a fragrance to break apart.
Applying a Cologne
When applying a cologne, start with one single spray on your chest, and then branch out to a few more sprays in different areas as you become more comfortable. Apply the fragrance to heat areas of your body, such as your chest, neck, lower jaw, wrist, forearm, inner elbow, and shoulder. Your body heat will push the scent throughout the day, creating a nice scent trail. Re-spray only when required, usually in the second half of the day.
Things to Avoid
- Do not rub the perfume into your skin, as this will break the molecular bond and make the scent weaker.
- Do not spray and walk through the mist, as most of the fragrance will drop to the floor.
- Do not spray fragrance on your clothes, as it won't mix with your natural oils and go through the stages of notes.
- Do not splash the fragrance on.
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How to apply cologne
Applying cologne is an art form. Done properly, it can make you feel more attractive and confident. Done incorrectly, it can lead to over-application or a scent that fades almost immediately. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to apply cologne the right way:
Step 1: Choose the Right Cologne
The first step is to choose a cologne that complements your natural body chemistry and fits your lifestyle in terms of how long the scent lasts. Some colognes, usually the more expensive ones, have longer-lasting scents and may smell different throughout the day as they interact with your body chemistry.
Step 2: Time Your Application
The best time to apply cologne is right after showering, as this cleanses your body of any other scents and opens your pores to help the scent absorb. Completely dry your skin before applying cologne.
Step 3: Hold the Bottle at the Right Distance
When applying cologne, hold the spray bottle 3 to 6 inches away from your body. Holding the bottle any closer than 3 inches risks over-application, while spraying from further than 6 inches away will likely result in under-application.
Step 4: Apply to Heated Areas of the Body
Apply cologne to heated areas of your body, such as the neck, chest, pulse points, forearms, or inner elbows. The heat helps diffuse the scent throughout the day and allows it to meld with your body chemistry to create your signature scent.
Step 5: Start with a Light Application
When applying cologne, less is more. Choose one area, such as the neck or forearms, and start with one spray. If you notice that the scent fades quickly, choose another area and spray there the next time you apply. You can always add more, but it's difficult to undo an over-application.
Step 6: Re-apply if Needed
Depending on the type of cologne you have, you may need to re-apply, especially if you are going out in the evening. When re-applying, simply dab a little onto your pulse points.
Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Spraying on clothing: Avoid spraying cologne directly on your clothes, as this prevents it from mixing with your natural oils, which gives it its unique quality. It can also prevent the scent from going through its different stages and may stain or damage certain fabrics.
- Splashing on the skin: If your cologne doesn't have a spray nozzle, don't splash it onto your skin. This can easily lead to over-application. Instead, place one finger over the opening of the bottle, tip it gently, and then dab the scent onto your body.
- Walking through a mist cloud: While this may seem like a way to prevent over-application, it actually renders the cologne almost useless, as most of it ends up on the floor.
- Rubbing into the skin: Rubbing cologne into your skin can make the scent fade faster as it breaks the molecular bond in the fragrance. If you're not going to spray, simply dab it on.
- Applying too much: A man's fragrance should be subtle. Start light and don't be afraid to ask a friend or family member for their opinion, as you can become nose-blind to scents you wear often.
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How long does cologne last?
The longevity of a fragrance depends on several factors, including its ingredients, time of opening, and storage conditions.
In terms of ingredients, fragrances with higher concentrations of essential oils tend to be more intensive and longer-lasting. For example, perfumes with woody, musk, vanilla, amber, or oud notes are made up of larger, more complex molecules that evaporate more slowly. On the other hand, lighter citrus and floral scents have smaller molecules that disperse faster.
When it comes to types of fragrances, colognes and eau de toilettes have lower concentrations of fragrance (about 2% to 4% for colognes and 5% to 15% for eau de toilettes) and are typically designed to be lighter and fresher. These fragrances usually last between one and four hours. Eau de parfums, on the other hand, have higher concentrations of fragrance oil (between 10% and 20%) and can last around 8 hours.
Storage conditions also play a crucial role in preserving the longevity of a fragrance. To extend the life of your cologne, it is recommended to store it in a cool, dark, dry place, avoiding direct sunlight and temperature fluctuations. Additionally, it is advisable to keep the fragrance below 15 degrees Celsius or 59 degrees Fahrenheit.
With proper storage, unopened bottles of cologne can last for several years, and some sources even suggest that fragrances can last for decades. However, once opened, a bottle of cologne will typically last up to two hours.
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The different notes in cologne
There are three types of notes in cologne: top, middle or heart, and base notes. Top notes are the initial scent that hits the nose immediately after spraying. They are usually light and fresh, and they evaporate quickly. Examples include citrus, fruity, and floral scents, as well as spices like cinnamon. Middle notes are the heart of the fragrance and develop after the top notes fade. They are often heavier florals like jasmine, or green scents like grass. Spice notes like cinnamon and clove can also be found in the middle. Base notes are the bold scents that become more noticeable as the day goes on. They are the foundation of the fragrance and determine how long it lasts on the skin. Examples include sandalwood, moss, vanilla, and musk.
The combination of these notes creates the unique character of a cologne. For example, a cologne with top notes of lemon and bergamot, middle notes of clary sage, and base notes of sandalwood and musk will give a fresh, earthy, and slightly spicy character.
In addition to the different notes, the concentration of perfume oil in the cologne also affects its character and longevity. Colognes with a higher concentration of oil will have a stronger fragrance and last longer on the skin. Eau de Cologne typically has a lower concentration of oil (2-4%) and is a lighter, fresher fragrance that lasts for about 2 hours.
It's important to remember that fragrance is highly personal, and the same cologne can smell different on different people due to body chemistry and other factors.
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Frequently asked questions
The four main fragrance families are warm, woody, oriental, and fresh. Each effect is brought out by different combinations of fragrances.
The five main types of fragrances are perfume, eau de parfum, eau de toilette, eau de cologne, and eau fraiche. The differences between them lie in their fragrance concentration, price, and longevity.
The three types of notes in a fragrance are top, medium/heart, and base notes. Top notes are the initial, lighter smell of the fragrance that hits the nose immediately after application and last from 15 minutes to 2 hours. Medium or heart notes are the main element of the fragrance and develop after the top note clears. Base notes are the bolder notes that become more noticeable later in the day and determine how long the fragrance lasts on the skin.