Cologne's Red-Light Scene: Is There A District?

Prostitution is a legal profession in Germany, and while there is no designated red-light district in Cologne, the city is home to Pascha, the largest brothel in the world. This 12-storey, 9000-square-metre brothel accommodates about 120 prostitutes, over 80 supporting employees, and up to 1000 customers per day.

The Pascha brothel

Cologne, Germany, is home to the Pascha brothel, which has been described as the largest brothel in Europe or even the world. The 12-storey, 9000-square-metre complex is located just outside the city centre and is easily accessible by public transport. It is reported to have over 120 prostitutes working there every day, with more than 80 supporting staff and up to 1000 customers daily. The brothel includes an Eros Centre offering cheaper services, a traditional brothel with higher prices, a floor for transsexual workers, a nightclub with escorts, and a hotel. The entrance fee is free for customers, with services starting at 50 euros for half an hour. The Pascha club is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week.

In January 2021, insolvency proceedings were opened against the Pascha brothel, which had been hit by the coronavirus crisis.

While the Pascha is a large brothel, it is worth noting that some sources state that Cologne does not have a red-light district as such, and that the Pascha is a single building or complex, rather than a district. However, the city of Hamburg in Germany does have a well-known red-light district, the Pauli district, which has been dubbed the 'world's most sinful mile'.

Red-light districts in other cities

While Cologne does not have a red-light district, there are many other cities around the world that do. These districts are typically associated with the sex industry and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops and strip clubs, and often coincide with areas of prostitution. Here is a list of some of the most well-known red-light districts in other cities:

De Wallen, Amsterdam, Netherlands

De Wallen is located in the heart of Amsterdam and is characterised by its narrow streets and canals illuminated by red neon lights at night. It is a regulated and legalised red-light district, emphasising health checks and security for both workers and patrons. De Wallen offers a candid view of the Dutch approach to sex work, creating an intriguing contrast with the city's picturesque canals and historic architecture.

Patpong, Bangkok, Thailand

Patpong is situated in the bustling city of Bangkok and is known for its vibrant nightlife. It features neon lights, street performers, and a wide variety of bars and clubs. While Patpong is a popular destination for nightlife enthusiasts, visitors should remain cautious and aware of potential scams. It offers a unique blend of experiences, showcasing Thailand's seamless fusion of tradition and modernity.

Reeperbahn, Hamburg, Germany

The Reeperbahn in Hamburg's St. Pauli district is one of the most famous red-light districts globally. With a history dating back to the 17th century, this area has evolved into an entertainment hub, offering adult establishments, theatres, and music venues. The Reeperbahn symbolises Hamburg's transformation from a seafaring district to a diverse entertainment centre.

Kabukicho, Tokyo, Japan

Tokyo's Kabukicho district presents a blend of traditional and modern Japan. It is known for its energetic nightlife, featuring karaoke bars, themed cafes, robot restaurants, and love hotels. While not explicitly adult-oriented, Kabukicho's eccentricity and vibrant atmosphere make it a must-visit destination for those seeking Tokyo's diverse and avant-garde culture.

Santa Fe, Bogota, Colombia

Santa Fe, located in the capital city of Bogota, reflects the complex interplay between societal norms, economic realities, and legal frameworks surrounding the sex industry. It offers a mix of traditional Colombian music, lively dance clubs, and adult entertainment venues, showcasing the city's ongoing journey to balance cultural values with the evolving dynamics of its nightlife.

These are just a few examples of red-light districts in other cities, each with its unique characteristics and history. Each district attracts tourists and offers a glimpse into the underbelly of some of the world's most iconic urban areas.

The legality of prostitution in Germany

Prostitution in Germany is legal, as are other aspects of the sex industry, including brothels, advertising, and job offers through HR companies. Full-service sex work is widespread and regulated by the German government, which levies taxes on it. In 2016, the government adopted a new law, the Prostitutes Protection Act, to improve the legal situation of sex workers. The law also requires the registration of prostitution activity and bans prostitution without the use of condoms.

However, sex workers began to be more vigorously persecuted in the 16th century with the start of the Reformation and the appearance of syphilis. In the 19th century, sex workers in many regions had to register with the police or local health authorities and submit to regular health checks to curb venereal diseases.

In the 20th century, prostitution was considered "harmful to communities," yet it continued to exist and even flourish in certain areas. During World War II, the German Wehrmacht established about 100 Wehrmacht brothels in the occupied territories, and military prostitution was regulated and controlled.

After World War II, Germany was divided into East and West, and the two sides took different approaches to prostitution. In East Germany, full-service sex work was illegal and considered not to exist, while in West Germany, the registration and testing requirements remained in place but were handled differently across regions.

In 2002, a significant change occurred when a one-page law sponsored by the Green Party was passed, removing the general prohibition on full-service sex work and allowing sex workers to obtain regular work contracts. This law reflected a shift in societal attitudes, stating that sex work should not be considered immoral.

However, prostitution in Germany continues to be a controversial topic. While some argue that legalisation improves the safety and working conditions of sex workers, others point to issues such as human trafficking, exploitation, and the continued stigmatisation of sex workers. There have been calls for Germany to adopt the Nordic model, where those who pay for sex are prosecuted, and the workers are offered help rather than being criminalised.

In recent years, there have been efforts to increase regulation and control of prostitution, with the Prostitutes Protection Act coming into force in 2017, introducing mandatory registration, health checks, and condom use for sex workers and brothel operators.

Cologne, in particular, has been associated with the world's largest brothel, Pascha, which has been described as a "mini city" with over 120 prostitutes and up to 1,000 customers per day. However, it is important to note that while prostitution is legal in Cologne and the rest of Germany, there are ongoing debates and efforts to address the issues and potential negative consequences associated with the industry.

The history of red-light districts

The concept of a red-light district, or pleasure district, refers to an area with a high concentration of sex workers and sex-oriented businesses such as sex shops, strip clubs, and adult theatres. While the term is most associated with Amsterdam, it historically refers to any city district known for being a den of vice.

The term "red-light district" was first used in the 19th century when brothel owners began using red gas lights to discreetly signal their business to potential customers. One theory for the use of red lights claims that sailors returning to Amsterdam in the 17th century sought out prostitutes with red lanterns, as the colour camouflaged skin imperfections caused by poor hygiene and a lack of fresh water. Another theory suggests that the term originated in Dodge City, Kansas, which was home to a well-known prostitution district during the 19th century, including the Red Light House saloon.

In some cities, red-light districts are officially designated by authorities for legal and regulated prostitution. For example, the Reeperbahn in Hamburg, Germany, and De Wallen in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, are two of the most well-known red-light districts in Europe. De Wallen, located in the centre of Amsterdam, dates back to 1270 and is one of the city's oldest neighbourhoods. It is known for its lacquer-red lights illuminating storefronts where sex workers display their services.

While prostitution is legal in some places, it is often highly regulated, and related activities such as pimping and organising prostitution are usually illegal. The enforcement of prostitution laws varies across regions, and some cities have shut down or relocated their red-light districts due to congestion and safety concerns.

Safety in red-light districts

While red-light districts can be intriguing places to visit, they are also associated with a range of safety concerns. Here are some tips to stay safe when visiting these areas:

Be Aware of the Local Laws and Culture

Before visiting a red-light district, it's important to understand the local laws and regulations and cultural norms. In some places, prostitution may be legal, but related activities such as organising prostitution may be illegal. Additionally, taking pictures or videos of prostitutes without their consent is highly disrespectful and a violation of privacy. It's also important to respect any designated no-go areas for women and minors.

Stay Alert and Avoid Isolated Areas

Red-light districts can be crowded with tourists, prostitutes, and pimps. It's important to stay alert and aware of your surroundings. Avoid walking alone at night, especially in isolated or poorly lit areas. Stay in well-lit, busy streets, and be cautious of people trying to lure you into unknown establishments.

Keep Your Valuables Safe

Pickpocketing is a common issue in red-light districts. Keep your valuables secure and out of sight. Avoid displaying expensive jewellery or electronics that may attract unwanted attention. Be cautious of scams, such as people trying to sell you used transit tickets, stolen goods, or fake items.

Be Wary of Drug Use and Alcohol Intoxication

Drug use and alcohol intoxication are common in red-light districts. Be cautious of accepting food, drinks, or drugs from strangers, as they may be spiked. Stick to legal substances and licensed establishments if you choose to consume.

Choose Your Accommodations Wisely

When visiting a red-light district, opt for accommodations in safer areas of the city. Well-known tourist areas or neighbourhoods with a strong police presence can be good choices. Avoid staying too close to the red-light district, as it may attract unwanted attention or increase your risk of encountering criminal activities.

Follow Local News and Advisories

Stay informed about local news and safety advisories. Some red-light districts may have a higher risk of violent crimes or gang-related activities. Knowing about any potential risks can help you make informed decisions about your itinerary and activities.

In addition to these safety tips, it's worth noting that while Cologne, Germany, is home to the Pascha, a large brothel, it does not have a designated red-light district.

Frequently asked questions