Katrina Rosales
Incense has been used for various purposes, including spiritual and hygienic reasons, for thousands of years. However, recent studies have highlighted potential health risks associated with burning incense. While it is not officially deemed a major public health risk, and some types of incense are prepared with the user's benefit in mind, certain ingredients and compounds in incense smoke can be detrimental to health, especially in concentrated, enclosed spaces. This article will explore the potential health benefits and drawbacks of burning incense and provide guidelines for reducing associated risks.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Health benefits | Aromatherapy, healing, relaxation, mood-boosting, stress relief, increase focus, creativity boost, air purification |
| Health drawbacks | Carcinogens, respiratory issues, asthma, air pollution, brain health issues |
| Safety advice | Use natural ingredients, ensure good ventilation, avoid synthetic fragrances, limit exposure, do not leave unattended |
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What You'll Learn
Incense and cancer risk
Incense smoke contains natural and unnatural ingredients that create small, inhalable particulate matter. A 2021 study confirmed that some of this particulate matter is carcinogenic, meaning it could cause cancer. Burning incense has been associated with an increased risk of upper respiratory tract carcinomas and lung carcinomas.
The largest study on the link between incense use and cancer, which tracked the health of 61,000 people in Singapore, showed that burning incense is safe in normal amounts and the risk of cancer is very small, if at all. However, the same study also found that burning incense indoors increases the levels of chemicals called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been linked to cancer. The study's results indicate that the risk of cancer depends on the amount of incense burned, with long-term and frequent use associated with a higher risk.
Other studies have found that incense smoke contains various irritants and toxic compounds, which can lead to respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic inflammation in the body. It has also been associated with an increased risk of heart disease and issues with brain health in older adults.
It is important to note that the correct way to use incense to reduce risks has not yet been established. However, it is generally recommended to reduce or limit incense use and exposure to the smoke to lower potential health risks. Opening windows during or after use can help reduce exposure, and alternatives to incense are also available for those concerned about the risks.
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Incense and brain health
Incense has been used for centuries in many cultures for hygienic, spiritual, and medicinal purposes. However, recent studies have highlighted potential health risks associated with burning incense, particularly regarding brain health.
Burning incense releases pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), volatile organic compounds, aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These pollutants contribute to indoor air pollution, with the amount of PM generated by incense being up to 4.5 times higher than that of cigarettes. While the presence of these chemicals does not inherently pose a risk, their accumulation in enclosed spaces can have detrimental effects on respiratory and brain health.
Several studies have found a link between long-term incense burning and cognitive decline, particularly in older adults over 65 years of age. The research suggests that the pollutants in incense smoke are associated with accelerated cognitive ageing, intellectual decline, and an increased risk of Alzheimer's Disease and vascular dementia. Additionally, incense burning has been linked to decreased brain connectivity and poorer cognitive performance over time. However, it is important to note that the precise mechanisms behind these associations are not yet fully understood and require further investigation.
The type of incense and the method of burning can also impact its effects on brain health. Pure incense powders and Japanese incense cones made of natural ingredients are generally considered safer. On the other hand, pressed cones sold in gift shops and raw incense materials, such as oils, herbs, and wood chips, may contain toxic perfumes and synthetic ingredients that can be harmful when burned. Adequate ventilation during and after burning incense is crucial to minimising the potential health risks associated with incense smoke exposure.
While the research suggests potential adverse effects of incense burning on brain health, it is important to consider the limitations of these studies. Some research has been conducted on animals, and further human-based studies are needed to confirm these findings. Additionally, the accuracy of self-reported data on incense use habits may introduce bias. Furthermore, the benefits of incense in promoting mental well-being and spiritual practices cannot be overlooked, and the perception of incense as a medicine varies across cultures.
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Incense ingredients
Incense is a blend of natural and unnatural ingredients that are burned to release fragrance. The natural ingredients include various types of wood, herbs, resins, and spices.
Wood binders, such as joss powder or "tabu no ki" (also called "makko"), are commonly used as a base material and binder. Sandalwood, cedar, and pine are strong-scented wood bases, while red sandalwood, alder, and charcoal have very low scents.
Herbs and spices are also used for their aromatic properties. Shoyeido, an incense company, uses up to fifty varieties of herbs and spices, including roots and bark from plants like magnolia, peony, and cypress.
Resins, such as benzoin, a sweet balsamic resin from Sumatra, and essential oils are added for their fragrance.
Other liquid scents, such as decoctions, hydrosols, and other extracts, can be added to the blend. Any liquid that is mostly water, including water, tea, coffee, milk, fruit juices, and wine, can be used to activate the binder.
The ingredients are finely ground and mixed with a powdered binding material. The quality, balance, and ratio of each element are critical, as is the drying time and production method, which can affect the final scent.
While incense is burned for hygienic, spiritual, and medicinal purposes, it is important to note that burning any organic material produces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been linked to cancer. Recent studies have also found associations between incense use and increased risk of respiratory diseases and negative impacts on brain health in older adults. Therefore, limiting exposure and ensuring proper ventilation when burning incense is recommended.
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Incense and aromatherapy
Incense has been used for various purposes, including spiritual and hygienic reasons, since the dawn of human history. The idea of aromatherapy is based on the fact that aromatic substances can be used for healing and medicinal purposes. Incense contains natural and unnatural ingredients that create small, inhalable particulate matter. While incense has been linked to several health benefits, it also has some negative health impacts.
Health Benefits
Incense is believed to have multiple health benefits, including its use as a preservative, a repellent, and its social use. It is also said to help with relaxation and can be a perfect addition to a yoga and meditation routine. The aroma of lavender incense has been shown to reduce anxiety and stress. It can also help boost creativity and flow state by clearing and stimulating the mind. One study showed that burning incense for an hour reduced the bacteria in the air by 94%.
Health Risks
Burning incense produces hazardous particulate matter and VOCs, which have been linked to cancer. A 2020 study also found that burning incense may cause issues with brain health in older adults over 65 years of age. Another study found that incense smoke induced oxidative stress and disrupted bronchial epithelial barrier integrity, leading to airway hyperresponsiveness. It is advised to have proper ventilation and airflow when burning incense to reduce exposure to harmful smoke.
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Incense safety tips
Incense has been used for various purposes, including spiritual and hygienic reasons, for thousands of years. While it is not officially deemed a major public health risk, there are some health concerns associated with its use. Here are some safety tips to keep in mind when using incense:
Ventilation: Proper ventilation is crucial when burning incense. Open windows during or after use to reduce exposure to smoke and ensure adequate airflow in the room.
Limit exposure: Reduce or limit your use of incense and exposure to its smoke. Incense is meant to be enjoyed in moderation, and excessive burning may lead to potential health risks.
Natural ingredients: Opt for incense made with natural ingredients like charcoal and essential oils. Avoid synthetic fragrances and toxic perfumes, especially in pressed cones sold in western gift shops, as these may include harmful chemicals.
Burn outdoors: Consider burning incense outdoors or in well-ventilated areas. Some types of incense are specifically designed for outdoor use or for large spaces like temple halls.
Flammable materials: Always keep the incense ember and open flame away from flammable materials such as curtains, paper, or dry herbs. Ensure that the incense is placed in a safe location where it cannot be knocked over accidentally.
Research and caution: Be cautious when interpreting studies and claims about the benefits or risks of incense. Some studies may be biased or have limitations, such as focusing on specific types of incense. Always do your research and refer to credible scientific resources when making decisions about your health.
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Frequently asked questions
Burning incense has been linked to several health risks, including respiratory issues, asthma, and cancer. However, it is not officially deemed a major public health risk. To reduce potential risks, it is recommended to use incense in well-ventilated areas and to choose incense made with natural ingredients, such as charcoal and essential oils, rather than synthetic fragrances.
Incense has been used for ceremonial, spiritual, and medicinal purposes for millennia. It is believed to have healing and medicinal properties, aiding in relaxation, stress relief, and increased focus. Some studies suggest that certain types of incense, such as lavender and frankincense, can help reduce anxiety and boost creativity.
Pure incense powders tend to be safer, as their burn can be more easily controlled compared to pressed cones, which may contain toxic perfumes and synthetic ingredients. It is recommended to purchase incense that lists its ingredients and to ensure proper ventilation when burning incense indoors.
