
Incense is a product with a rich history and a dedicated following. The process of making incense is an art, with many choosing to make their own at home and companies like Nippon Kodo manufacturing incense by hand, as has been done for hundreds of years. The process involves drying and powdering plant material, creating an incense dough, and forming this into sticks, cones, or coils. The incense is then dried and packaged. The quality of the ingredients and the ratio of resin to dry material impact the burn time and scent of the incense.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Ingredients | Natural gums and resins from precious woods, floral ingredients, and other organic raw materials |
| Process | Ingredients are mixed and loaded into machines which extrude long strings of incense, or moulds to shape them into cones and coils |
| Shaping | Incense is cut into sticks, cones, or coils |
| Drying | Laid out in wooden forms, then dried in a room with controlled moisture and temperature |
| Hardening | Incense is left in the factory to harden for several days |
| Types | Incense with a bamboo core, incense made entirely of incense powders (originated in China) |
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What You'll Learn

Gathering ingredients
For incense with a bamboo centre, the bamboo must be gathered and prepared. This may involve cutting the bamboo to the desired length and thickness, as well as treating the bamboo to prevent it from burning.
For incense without bamboo, a variety of natural ingredients can be used, including plant materials, gums, resins, woods, and floral ingredients. These ingredients can be gathered from nature or purchased from suppliers. It is important to select high-quality, natural ingredients to improve the burning time and fragrance of the incense.
Once the ingredients are gathered, they must be prepared. This may involve drying and powdering the plant materials, as well as mixing and blending the ingredients to create the desired fragrance. The balance of ingredients is crucial, as too much moisture can cause the incense to become sticky and difficult to work with.
Additionally, the type of wood used can impact the fragrance and burning properties of the incense. Precious woods, such as agarwood, are known for their distinct fragrance and are often used in high-quality incense.
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Mixing and moulding
The mixing and moulding process of making incense involves several steps. Firstly, it is important to select high-quality raw materials, such as natural gums, resins from precious woods, and floral ingredients. These ingredients are then blended and mixed with other organic raw materials in large vats. The specific ratio of resins to dry material is crucial, as an imbalance can result in a mixture that is too moist and sticky.
After mixing, the incense dough is formed into the desired shape. This can be done by hand or with the assistance of machines. For hand-rolled incense, the dough is rolled out on a surface, such as paper, to prevent sticking. The rolled incense is then placed on a drying surface, such as wax paper, to prevent curling or bending during the drying process. For machine-made incense, the mixture is loaded into machines that extrude long strings of incense or press them into cones and coils using moulds.
The incense mixture must be neither too wet nor too dry for optimal moulding. A wet mixture will result in sticky incense that tangles together, while a dry mixture may not hold its shape. The drying time for the moulded incense varies depending on the temperature and humidity of the environment, typically taking between one to three days. To check if the incense is thoroughly dry, try lighting it; damp incense will not stay lit for long.
The drying process can be facilitated by placing the incense in a room with controlled moisture and temperature. This can be achieved through a system of wooden shutters and windows that allow the right amount of airflow and light. Overall, the mixing and moulding stage of incense-making requires attention to detail and patience to ensure the incense is properly shaped and dried before proceeding to the next steps of hardening and packaging.
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Cutting and drying
Cutting
For loose or kneaded incense, a mortar and pestle is used to pulverize and mix the ingredients. For direct-burning incense, the incense mixture is cut into pellets or small pastilles. For incense sticks, the mixture is rolled out into a slab and cut into small cubes. The slab method is used in the Eastern Orthodox Christian monastic tradition, where the incense is made by powdering frankincense or fir resin and mixing it with essential oils.
For incense sticks, the wet, malleable paste of incense mixture is rolled into a long, thin coil, and a thin stick is placed next to the coil. The stick and paste are then rolled together until the desired thickness is achieved. The stick is then cut to the desired length. The traditional Chinese way of handling incense sticks is to roll them onto a drying screen. The sticks are placed right up against each other and against the edge of the screen to keep them in place.
Drying
The incense sticks are then left to dry. The drying process can take 1-3 days, depending on the temperature and humidity of the environment. In the summer, the sticks may dry overnight, while in the winter, they may take up to 2 days. The drying process can be done on a drying frame, such as a fly screen or mesh, or on a straightening board, which has grooves to keep the sticks straight as they dry.
Additional coatings of the incense mixture can be applied to the sticks after each period of successive drying. This method is used to produce thicker incense sticks, such as those burned in temples of Chinese folk religion, which can have a thickness between 2 and 4 millimeters.
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Quality control
Once the ingredients are mixed, the next step is to form the incense into its desired shape, either by extrusion or by using moulds. This step requires precise control to ensure uniformity and consistency in the shape and size of the incense sticks, cones, or coils. Any irregularities or variations in this step can affect the burning characteristics of the final product.
After forming, the incense is cut and laid out neatly in wooden forms to dry. The drying process is critical, as it determines how well the incense burns. The environment must be carefully controlled, with the right amount of airflow and temperature to ensure even and complete drying. Incense that is too moist will not burn properly and will have a shorter burning time.
Finally, the incense is packaged and shipped to retailers and customers worldwide. Before packaging, each batch of incense should be carefully inspected to ensure it meets the desired standards. This includes checking for any signs of improper drying, such as dampness or stickiness, as well as verifying the fragrance and burn time. Only incense that passes these quality checks should be released for sale, ensuring that customers receive a consistent and high-quality product with each purchase.
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Packaging and shipping
Once the incense has dried, it is gathered and packaged, ready to be shipped to customers all over the world. The drying process can take between one and three days, depending on the temperature and humidity of the environment. To check if the incense is dry, you can try lighting it. If it is dry, the incense will stay lit.
The packaging process involves placing the incense sticks, cones, or coils into boxes or bags, depending on the quantity being shipped. Each package is carefully sealed to ensure the incense stays fresh and fragrant. The packages are then labelled with the appropriate information, including the weight, ingredients, and any relevant warnings or instructions for use.
For shipping, the packages of incense are typically placed into larger boxes or crates, which are then sealed with tape or shrink wrap to secure them during transport. The shipping containers are labelled with the recipient's address and any necessary shipping information, such as a tracking number or fragile stickers.
When it comes to transporting the incense, most manufacturers use courier services or freight companies, depending on the quantity being shipped. The incense is handled with care to avoid any damage during transit. Delivery times can vary depending on the destination, with local deliveries usually taking a shorter time than international shipments.
Upon receipt, the incense is ready to be enjoyed by customers, who can light the sticks, cones, or coils and savour the aromatic fragrance that fills their space.
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Frequently asked questions
Natural gums and resins from precious woods and floral ingredients are mixed with other organic raw materials. The quality of these ingredients will determine how long the incense burns for.
The ingredients are loaded into vats and mixed together. They are then loaded into machines, which extrude the long strings of incense. The incense is then cut and laid out in wooden forms to dry. Once dry, the incense is packaged and shipped.
Depending on the temperature and humidity of the environment, the incense will take 1-3 days to dry.











































