Candle Fragrance Oils: Do They Expire?

Fragrance oils are a key component of scented candles, but do they expire? The short answer is yes, fragrance oils do expire, with an average shelf life of about one year. However, this can vary depending on several factors such as the ingredients used, whether the container has been opened, and storage conditions. Natural ingredients in fragrance oils can expire and have a shelf life, similar to food products. Heat and direct light can accelerate the spoilage process, so it is important to store fragrance oils in a cool, dark place, away from direct sunlight. Proper storage can help extend the shelf life of fragrance oils, ensuring they stay fresh and potent for longer.

The average shelf life of fragrance oils

To maximise the shelf life of fragrance oils, it is important to store them correctly. They should be kept in a cool, dark place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Exposure to sunlight and extreme temperature changes can shorten their lifespan. It is also important to keep them sealed and minimise their exposure to air, as this can cause the scent to dissipate and the natural ingredients to spoil.

To further preserve fragrance oils, it is recommended to only purchase the amount you will use within six months to a year. Additionally, recording the date the oil was first opened can help track its freshness.

While the average shelf life is one year, some fragrance oils may last longer or shorter depending on the factors mentioned above. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the oil's condition before discarding it, even if it has reached its expiration date.

Natural ingredients and their role in expiry

Natural fragrance oils are made from plants such as cucumber, raspberry, and lavender. To create these oils, an aromatic chemical is isolated from the plant—these isolates are called aromatic chemicals. Multiple isolates from different plants are then blended together. Natural fragrance oils are more consistent than essential oils because they are not as affected by batch variation. They are also more complex and interesting due to their multiple components.

Essential oils are also natural and are extracted from plants, herbs, and flowers using steam distillation. This is a gentle process that does not degrade the sensitive compounds. Essential oils use every aroma component of the plant, resulting in a pure and fresh scent. However, they offer less scent variety than natural fragrance oils.

Natural fragrance oils are not recommended for use in hot or cold process soap, as the scents tend to fade. They are more suitable for skincare products such as masks, serums, and moisturizers.

The shelf life of fragrance oils is approximately one year, although this can vary depending on the specific raw materials used. Proper storage is crucial to extending the life of fragrance oils. They should be kept at room temperature, between 65°F and 85°F (18.3°C to 29.4°C), and protected from extreme temperature changes. Sunlight and excess light exposure can accelerate degradation, so fragrance oils should be stored in dark areas, preferably in opaque or amber bottles.

Signs of fragrance oil expiration include noticeable changes in color and shifts in scent, such as a rancid or sour odour. Testing the oil in a small batch is the best way to determine if it is still viable.

Storage conditions to prolong shelf life

The average shelf life of fragrance oils is about a year. However, there are several factors that influence how long they last. These include the types of ingredients used, whether the container has been opened, and the storage conditions. To prolong the shelf life of your fragrance oils, consider the following:

• Keep fragrance oils at room temperature. The ideal storage temperature range is 65°F to 85°F (18.3°C to 29.4°C). Avoid refrigeration as fragrance oils can crystallize at lower temperatures.
• Avoid extreme temperature changes. Store your fragrance oils in an area that maintains a constant room temperature. Garages, attics, basements, or sheds are not ideal as they are not usually temperature-controlled.
• Store fragrance oils in a dark area, away from direct sunlight. Sunlight can accelerate the degradation of certain components. Keep them in a windowless closet or room, and use opaque storage boxes that block light.
• If your fragrance oil bottles are clear, it is crucial to store them away from light. Even indoor lights can emit UV rays, which can cause discolouration over time.
• Keep fragrance oil bottles sealed when not in use. Exposure to air can cause the scent to dissipate and the natural ingredients to spoil. Tighten screw caps after use to prevent air from entering the bottle.
• Store fragrance oils in a cool, dark place, such as the back of a cupboard, out of the reach of children.

Signs of fragrance oil expiration

Fragrance oils are expensive and it can be disappointing to find that they have expired before you've had a chance to use them. The average shelf life of fragrance oils is about a year, but there are a few factors that can influence this.

Firstly, the ingredients used in the fragrance oil matter. Natural ingredients are more likely to expire, whereas synthetic ingredients last longer. The shelf life of the raw materials used in the fragrance will therefore determine how long the oil itself lasts.

Secondly, exposure to air and light can cause fragrance oils to expire faster. This is because exposure to air allows the scent to slowly dissipate and causes natural ingredients to spoil. Sunlight can also speed up the degradation of certain components. Therefore, it is important to store fragrance oils in a cool, dark place, such as a cupboard, and to keep the bottles sealed when not in use.

So, how do you know if your fragrance oil has expired? Here are some signs to look out for:

• Changes in colour: Oxidation or degradation of the oil's components can cause a noticeable colour change. To detect this, it is helpful to take a photo of the oil when you first open it or to record its colour when you record the date it was opened.
• Shift in scent: If the oil smells different, rancid, or sour, it has likely expired. It can be hard to tell, so you may want to get a second opinion from a friend or family member.
• Poor performance in a test batch: Making a test batch is the best way to tell if your fragrance oil is still viable. Make a candle or soap using the oil, let it cure, then test it. If the colour or scent is different than expected, the oil has likely expired.

Proper disposal of expired fragrance oils

Check Local Regulations:

Waste management and recycling programs vary by location. Search online for your area's hazardous waste disposal guidelines, as fragrance oils are classified as hazardous waste. Most programs provide instructions for disposing of various hazardous materials, but you can contact your local waste management centre if you need further guidance.

Leave Liquids in Containers:

It is generally recommended to leave liquids in their original, labelled containers before disposal. However, this may differ based on your location, so always check with your local waste management centre before emptying fragrance oils.

Seal Containers Tightly:

Fragrance oils should be stored in sealed, resealable containers to prevent outside air from entering and causing the oils to spoil. Ensure that screw caps are tightened fully to prevent air exposure.

Store in a Cool, Dark Place:

Keep fragrance oils in a cool, dark, and dry location, such as a cupboard or storage area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. This will help slow down the spoilage process.

Evaluate Oil Condition:

Before disposal, check for signs of expiration. Changes in colour or scent can indicate that the oil has expired. Testing the oil in a small batch can also help determine its viability. If the oil is still usable, consider offering it to local candle-making groups or individuals who can make use of it.

Dispose of Oils Properly:

Once you have confirmed that the fragrance oils have expired and are ready for disposal, follow your local guidelines for hazardous waste disposal. This may involve specific drop-off locations or collection services.

Remember, proper disposal of hazardous waste is crucial to prevent air, water, and soil pollution. By following these steps, you can ensure that your expired fragrance oils are handled in a safe and environmentally responsible manner.

Frequently asked questions