Seamus Hammond
Candles and incense are widely used to enhance the scent of indoor spaces. However, concerns have been raised about their potential impact on respiratory health. Burning candles and incense releases particulate matter, gases, and organic compounds that can be easily inhaled, leading to possible negative health outcomes. While the link between candle and incense use and respiratory issues is not fully understood, some individuals have reported experiencing changes in their breathing when exposed to these substances. This article will explore the available evidence and discuss ways to enjoy candles and incense while mitigating any potential risks to respiratory health.
Characteristics of candles and incense affecting your breathing
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Incense smoke contains particulate matter (PM), gas products and many organic compounds | On average, incense burning produces particulates greater than 45 mg/g burned as compared to 10 mg/g burned for cigarettes |
| Incense smoke contains volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes, as well as aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) | Burning incense indoors increases the levels of PAHs, which have been linked to cancer |
| Incense smoke may affect heart tissues, deposit harmful substances in the body, and contribute to overall inflammation | A 2020 study found that burning incense may cause issues with brain health in community older adults older than 65 years of age |
| Incense smoke may cause respiratory problems | Some people have reported that their breathing goes funny when they burn scented candles and incense |
| Incense smoke may cause eye irritation | Relatively high NO2 concentrations can cause eye irritation following accidental contact |
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What You'll Learn
Incense smoke contains particulate matter, gas products and organic compounds
Incense smoke contains particulate matter, gas products, and organic compounds, which can negatively impact human health. The particulate matter in incense smoke is made up of small, inhalable particles that can be harmful when breathed in. These particles are produced by the combustion of incense and can include natural and unnatural ingredients, such as wood, resins, powders, and added fragrances.
The gas products released from burning incense include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). These gases can contribute to indoor air pollution and have harmful effects on respiratory health. Additionally, incense smoke contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes, as well as aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs are formed when organic materials, such as incense, are burned, and exposure to them has been linked to an increased risk of cancer.
While the specific mechanisms are still being studied, research has shown a correlation between incense burning and respiratory issues. For example, a study in Taiwan found that incense burning was associated with increased levels of indoor air pollution and respiratory symptoms in children. Another study in Hong Kong reported a higher incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer in male patients who burned incense regularly.
It's important to note that the health effects of incense smoke may depend on various factors, such as the type of incense, the duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Some studies suggest that reducing incense use, ensuring proper ventilation, and exploring alternative methods for scenting indoor spaces can help mitigate potential health risks associated with incense burning.
Overall, while incense has been used for various cultural and spiritual purposes, recent research highlights the potential health risks associated with the inhalation of its smoke, particularly the impact on respiratory health and the possible correlation with certain types of cancers.
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Burning incense increases levels of carcinogenic chemicals
Burning incense is a common practice in many cultures and religions, but recent research has revealed potential health drawbacks. Studies have found that burning incense increases levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are chemicals that have been linked to cancer.
PAHs are produced by burning any organic material, including tobacco leaves, coal, and incense sticks. While the mere presence of PAHs does not pose a risk, higher concentrations of these chemicals can be harmful. Incense smoke has been associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, particularly of the mouth, throat, and lung. A 2005 study in Singapore found that regular incense use nearly doubled the risk of developing upper respiratory tract cancers.
In addition to PAHs, incense smoke contains particulate matter (PM), gas products, and organic compounds. Incense burning produces higher levels of PM compared to cigarette smoke, with an average of 45 mg/g burned for incense versus 10 mg/g burned for cigarettes. The gas products released by burning incense include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2).
The particulate matter in incense smoke contains carcinogens and irritants, which can lead to respiratory issues such as asthma. Incense smoke has also been associated with an increased risk of heart disease and cognitive decline in older adults. However, it is important to note that the studies on the health effects of incense burning have limitations, and further research is needed to fully understand the potential risks.
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Incense smoke may cause respiratory issues
The adverse effects of incense smoke on respiratory health have been documented in several studies. In 1966, a study by Sturton et al. found a high incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer in male patients in Hong Kong who burned incense. More recently, a study in Taiwan surveyed elementary school children and found a significant association between incense burning and cough symptoms. Another study by Koo et al. analysed data from an air pollution study of primary school children and their non-smoking mothers and found no association between incense burning and respiratory symptoms such as chronic cough, asthma, or pneumonia. However, it is important to note that this study only looked at respiratory symptoms and did not specifically investigate the impact of incense smoke on respiratory function or the development of respiratory conditions over time.
The toxicities of incense smoke are attributed to its harmful constituents and deposition capacity in the body. The smoke can contain natural and unnatural ingredients, including herbal and wood powders, fragrance materials, adhesives, and the incense stick itself, which is typically made of bamboo. These ingredients create small, inhalable particulate matter that can accumulate in the body and lead to adverse health effects.
Prolonged exposure to incense smoke may result in higher concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) penetrating deeper into the lower airways, causing delayed-onset respiratory problems. Acute exposure to high concentrations of NO2 can also cause shortness of breath and symptoms consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Additionally, incense smoke has been associated with increased levels of PAHs, which have been linked to cancer. However, it is important to note that the presence of PAHs alone does not indicate a risk; it depends on the amount and concentration of these chemicals.
While the use of incense has been associated with potential risks to respiratory health and well-being, it is not officially deemed a major public health risk comparable to smoking tobacco. However, due to the growing body of evidence suggesting negative health outcomes, it is important for consumers to be cautious and consider reducing their exposure to incense smoke or exploring alternative options if they are concerned about the potential risks.
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Incense smoke and its effects on smokers and non-smokers
Incense smoke contains particulate matter (PM), gas products, and many organic compounds. The particulate matter in incense smoke is greater than 45 mg/g burned, compared to 10 mg/g burned for cigarettes. The gas products from burning incense include CO, CO2, NO2, and SO2, among others. Incense burning also produces volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes, as well as aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
The combustion of incense is a major source of residential indoor particulate matter, especially in the 2.5 μm size range and below. These particles can be easily inhaled and can have negative health outcomes. Studies have found a link between incense burning and increased levels of PAHs, which have been linked to cancer. However, it's important to note that the mere presence of PAHs is not a risk; it depends on the amount and concentration.
While incense burning has been associated with an increased risk of cancer, asthma, and heart disease, the studies primarily show a correlation rather than a causal relationship. For example, a study in Hong Kong found a high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in male patients who burn incense, but it is unclear if incense smoke is a direct factor. Another study in Taiwan suggested that incense burning was associated with cough symptoms in children, but it did not find a link to respiratory symptoms or lung cancer among non-smokers.
Interestingly, some research has indicated that incense burning may even reduce the risk of lung cancer among smokers, possibly due to other factors like diet. However, the effects of incense smoke may differ between smokers and non-smokers. For instance, a Chinese study found a more pronounced association between incense use and lung cancer in male smokers, while smokers already exposed to cigarette smoking showed lesser effects of incense burning on kidney function.
Overall, while the correct use of incense to minimize risks has not been fully explored, it is recommended to reduce or limit incense use and exposure to its smoke. Opening windows during or after burning incense can help lower your risk of potential negative health outcomes.
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Alternatives to incense and ways to reduce exposure
Burning candles and incense can affect your breathing and even cause respiratory system dysfunction. The smoke released contains particulate matter (PM), gas products, and many organic compounds. On average, incense produces PM greater than 45 mg/g burned, compared to 10 mg/g burned for cigarettes. The gas products from burning incense include CO, CO2, NO2, SO2, and others. Incense burning also produces volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes, as well as aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Benzene is a carcinogen that has been linked to leukemia and lung cancer.
Alternatives to Incense
- Essential oil candles: These candles are slathered with essential oils that, when burned, release their fragrances into the air. The fragrances are both healthier and more natural than incense.
- Homemade deodorizer: This simple alternative requires only baking soda and essential oils. Drip the oils into the soda, shake, and let it sit. After a while, the scents will be released into the air and can last for weeks.
- Oil burners: Oil burners are a healthy alternative to incense burning. To prepare an oil burner, place a small cup or saucer over a mild heat source and drop essential oils mixed with a little water into the saucer.
- Baking: Baking food in the oven can fill your home with pleasant aromas. Cinnamon apples, for example, fill the air with the sweet scent of cinnamon.
- Sachets: The Japanese often place sachets full of aromatics in their drawers and kimono sleeves. Shoyeido offers these sachets, as well as incense body powders.
- Essential oil diffusers: These can be used with sandalwood or frankincense oil, two common ingredients in meditation incense.
Ways to Reduce Exposure to Candle and Incense Smoke
- Limit usage: Reducing or limiting incense and candle usage and exposure to the smoke may help lower your risk of associated health issues.
- Ventilation: Opening windows during or after burning candles or incense can help reduce exposure to smoke and improve indoor air quality.
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Frequently asked questions
Burning candles and incense can emit smoke and particulate matter that can be inhaled and cause respiratory issues. Some of the particulate matter has been found to be carcinogenic and linked to an increased risk of heart disease and asthma. If you are experiencing breathing problems, it is best to consult a doctor.
Some alternatives to incense include candle warmers, wax melts, and essential oil diffusers. These options do not involve combustion and may be better for people sensitive to smoke or particular scents.
To reduce the negative effects of incense on your breathing, you can try to limit your exposure to the smoke. This can be done by reducing the amount of incense burned, opening windows during and after use, or exploring alternative types of incense with fewer negative health effects.
